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Identification of three linear B cell epitopes against non-structural protein 3ABC of FMDV using monoclonal antibodies

  • Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology
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Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has led to serious losses in the farming industry worldwide, particularly in cattle and swine. In developing countries, the control and eradication of FMD rely upon vaccination, in which the inactivated vaccine is predominant. In the preparation of inactivated vaccine, a series of purification methods were used to remove non-structural proteins (NSPs). It is necessary to develop a quantitative detection method of residual NSP and confirm a threshold value for the evaluation of the vaccine. Meanwhile, it is also important to develop a sensitive and rapid diagnostic method to distinguish infected animals from vaccinated animals (DIVA). In this study, three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against NSP 3ABC, designated 2G5, 9E2, and 1E10, were used. Subsequently, a series of overlapping peptides were expressed using a prokaryotic expression system to determine the minimal epitopes identified by the MAbs. Three linear B cell epitopes (BCEs), “92EYIEKA97” “23EGPYAGPLE31” and “209EPHH212”, were identified by MAbs 2G5, 9E2, and 1E10, respectively. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis analysis confirmed the critical amino acid in these epitopes. The epitope “92EYIEKA97” is located in 3A, which is deleted in some natural deletion mutants that result in a change in virus tropism. MAb 9E2 that identified the epitope “23EGPYAGPLE31” reacted with 3B1 and 3B2, but did not react with 3B3. In combination with sequence alignment analysis, the epitope “23EGPYAGPLE31” is highly conserved among different FMDV isolates. Preliminary screening using the known positive and negative sera indicated the MAb 9E2 has the potential for the development of a diagnostic method for DIVA. The residual NSP in inactivated vaccines can be detected using 9E2-HRP, which indicated the MAb 9E2 is able to evaluate inactivated vaccines. The four–amino acid epitope is the first reported to date that is recognized by 1E10. These results provide valuable insight into the diagnosis of DIVA and the NSP residual evaluation in inactivated vaccines.

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Funding

This study was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0500902 and 2016YFE0204100).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China

    Wei Liu, Junjun Shao, Danian Chen, Yanyan Chang, Huiyun Chang & Yongguang Zhang

  2. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China

    Wei Liu, Junjun Shao, Yanyan Chang, Huiyun Chang & Yongguang Zhang

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  1. Wei Liu
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  2. Junjun Shao
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  3. Danian Chen
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  4. Yanyan Chang
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  5. Huiyun Chang
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  6. Yongguang Zhang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Huiyun Chang or Yongguang Zhang.

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All procedures involving animals were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of LVRI, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicting interests.

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All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Liu, W., Shao, J., Chen, D. et al. Identification of three linear B cell epitopes against non-structural protein 3ABC of FMDV using monoclonal antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103, 8075–8086 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10081-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10081-0

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