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Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) by plants and microbes: their cellular uptake, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications

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Abstract

Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) with their diverse physical and chemical properties have been applied in various biomedical domains. The increasing demand for MNPs has attracted researchers to develop straightforward, inexpensive, simple, and eco-friendly processes for the enhanced production of MNPs. To discover new biomedical applications first requires knowledge of the interactions of MNPs with target cells. This review focuses on plant and microbial synthesis of biological MNPs, their cellular uptake, biocompatibility, any biological consequences such as cytotoxicity, and biomedical applications. We highlighted the involvement of biomolecules in capping and stabilization of MNPs and the effect of physicochemical parameters particularly the pH on the synthesis of MNPs. Recently achieved milestones to understand the role of synthetic biology (SynBiol) in the synthesis of tailored MNPs are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1632126).

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  1. Fiaz Ahmad and Noreen Ashraf contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, People’s Republic of China

    Fiaz Ahmad, Noreen Ashraf, Ren-Bin Zhou & Da-Chuan Yin

  2. Government General Hospital, Ghulam Muhammad Abad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Tayyba Ashraf

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  1. Fiaz Ahmad
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  2. Noreen Ashraf
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Ahmad, F., Ashraf, N., Ashraf, T. et al. Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) by plants and microbes: their cellular uptake, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103, 2913–2935 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09675-5

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