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Nanomedicines for developing cancer nanotherapeutics: from benchtop to bedside and beyond

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Abstract

Cancer is a devastating disease and remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing countries. Although there are large number of drugs that can be used for the treatment of cancer, the problem is selective and specific killing of cancerous cells without harming the normal cells. There are some biological barriers to potential drug delivery in cancer cells like hepatic, renal, abnormal vasculature, dense extracellular matrix, and high interstitial fluid pressure. The physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) such as size, shape, and surface charge may also have significant effects on tumor penetration. NPs coated with drug can be used to overcome these biological barriers to enhance targeted delivery. This literature survey encompasses the biological barriers to potential drug delivery in cancer cells, elaborate on designing strategies to enhance NPs penetration and distribution inside the tumor interstitium. Scientists are now doing great efforts to design next-generation of nanomedicines (NMs) that need to be better targeted with high specificity and efficacy to kill cancer cells. These challenges need to be overcome through collaborations among academia, pharmaceutical industries, and regulatory agencies to eradicate this global menace. Furthermore, this review article has critically discussed the recent developments, controversies, challenges, emerging concepts, and future perspectives in cancer NMs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Javed Iqbal, Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi, Tariq Mahmood, Barkat Ali, Sayed Afzal Shah & Muhammad Maqsood Alam

  2. College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, 710119, China

    Riaz Ahmad

  3. UNESCO UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa

    Ali Talha Khalil

  4. Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West, Western Cape, 7129, South Africa

    Ali Talha Khalil

  5. Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University, Lahore, 56000, Pakistan

    Ali Talha Khalil

  6. Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Sub-Campus Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Sobia Kanwal

  7. Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA

    Hussain Badshah

  8. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore, Pakistan

    Akhtar Munir

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  1. Javed Iqbal
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  2. Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi
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  3. Riaz Ahmad
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  4. Tariq Mahmood
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  5. Barkat Ali
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  6. Ali Talha Khalil
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  7. Sobia Kanwal
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  8. Sayed Afzal Shah
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  9. Muhammad Maqsood Alam
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  10. Hussain Badshah
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  11. Akhtar Munir
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Correspondence to Javed Iqbal or Tariq Mahmood.

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Iqbal, J., Abbasi, B.A., Ahmad, R. et al. Nanomedicines for developing cancer nanotherapeutics: from benchtop to bedside and beyond. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102, 9449–9470 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9352-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9352-3

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