Abstract
Non-Saccharomyces yeast species, naturally found in grape must, may impact wine quality positively or negatively. In this study, a mixture of five non-Saccharomyces species (Torulaspora delbrueckii, Metschnikowia spp., Starmerella bacillaris (formerly called Candida zemplinina), Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia kluyveri), mimicking the composition of the natural non-Saccharomyces community found in grape must, was used for alcoholic fermentation. The impact of CO2 saturation of the grape juice was studied first on this mixture alone, and then in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two isogenic strains of this species were used: the first with a short and the second a long fermentation lag phase. This study demonstrated that saturating grape juice with CO2 had interesting potential as an oenological technique, inhibiting undesirable species (S. bacillaris and H. uvarum) and stimulating non-Saccharomyces of interest (T. delbrueckii and P. kluyveri). This stimulating effect was particularly marked when CO2 saturation was associated with the presence of S. cerevisiae with long fermentation lag phase. The direct consequence of this association was an enhancement of 3-SH levels in the resulting wine.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albertin W, Miot-Sertier C, Bely M, Marullo P, Coulon J, Moine V, Colonna-Ceccaldi B, Masneuf-Pomarede I (2014) Oenological prefermentation practices strongly impact yeast population dynamics and alcoholic fermentation kinetics in chardonnay grape must. Int J Food Microbiol 178:87–97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.03.009
Albertin W, Zimmer A, Miot-Sertier C, Bernard M, Coulon J, Moine V, Colonna-Ceccaldi B, Bely M, Marullo P, Masneuf-Pomarede I (2017) Combined effect of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lag phase and the non-Saccharomyces consortium to enhance wine fruitiness and complexity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101:7603–7620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8492-1
Anfang N, Brajkovich M, Goddard MR (2009) Co-fermentation with Pichia kluyveri increases varietal thiol concentrations in Sauvignon Blanc. Aust J Grape Wine Res 15:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2008.00031.x
Azzolini M, Fedrizzi B, Tosi E, Finato F, Vagnoli P, Scrinzi C, Zapparoli G (2012) Effects of Torulaspora delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed cultures on fermentation and aroma of Amarone wine. Eur Food Res Technol 235:303–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-012-1762-3
Bely M, Renault PE (2013) Non-conventional yeasts and alcohol level reduction. Oenoviti international network, Bordeaux September 2013
Blickstad E, Enfors S-O, Molin G (1981) Effect of hyperbaric carbon dioxide pressure on the microbial flora of pork stored at 4 or 14 °C. J Appl Bacteriol 50:493–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1981.tb04252.x
Boulton RB, Singleton VL, Bisson LF, Kunkee RE (1996) Principles and practices of winemaking. Springer, Boston
Cabrera MJ, Moreno J, Medina M (1988) Formation of ethanol, higher alcohols, esters, and terpenes by five yeast strains in musts from Pedro Ximenez grapes in various degrees of ripeness. Am J Enol Vitic 39:283–287
Camarasa C, Sanchez I, Brial P, Bigey F, Dequin S, Harris S (2011) Phenotypic landscape of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation: evidence for origin-dependent metabolic traits. PLoS One 6(9):e25147 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025147
Castelli A, Littarru GP, Barbaresi G (1969) Effect of pH and CO2 concentration changes on lipids and fatty acids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Mikrobiol 66:34–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00414661
Charoenchai C, Fleet GH, Henschke PA, Todd BEN (1997) Screening of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts for the presence of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Aust J Grape Wine Res 3:2–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.1997.tb00109.x
Chen SL, Gutmanis F (1976) Carbon dioxide inhibition of yeast growth in biomass production. Biotechnol Bioeng 18:1455–1462. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260181012
Ciani M, Maccarelli F (1997) Oenological properties of non-Saccharomyces yeasts associated with wine-making. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 14:199–203. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008825928354
Ciani M, Picciotti G (1995) The growth kinetics and fermentation behaviour of some non-Saccharomyces yeasts associated with wine-making. Biotechnol Lett 17:1247–1250. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00128395
Ciani M, Beco L, Comitini F (2006) Fermentation behaviour and metabolic interactions of multistarter wine yeast fermentations. Int J Food Microbiol 108:239–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.11.012
Ciani M, Comitini F, Mannazzu I, Domizio P (2010) Controlled mixed culture fermentation: a new perspective on the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in winemaking. FEMS Yeast Res 10:123–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00579.x
Coetzee C, du Toit WJ (2012) A comprehensive review on Sauvignon Blanc aroma with a focus on certain positive volatile thiols. Food Res Int 45:287–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.017
Combina M, Mercado L, Borgo P, Elia A, Jofre V, Ganga A, Martinez C, Catania C (2005) Yeasts associated to Malbec grape berries from Mendoza, Argentina. J Appl Microbiol 98:1055–1061. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02540.x
Comitini F, Gobbi M, Domizio P, Romani C, Lencioni L, Mannazzu I, Ciani M (2011) Selected non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts in controlled multistarter fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Microbiol 28:873–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2010.12.001
Contreras A, Curtin C, Varela C (2014) Yeast population dynamics reveal a potential “collaboration” between Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Saccharomyces uvarum for the production of reduced alcohol wines during Shiraz fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99:1885–1895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6193-6
Csoma H, Sipiczki M (2008) Taxonomic reclassification of Candida stellata strains reveals frequent occurrence of Candida zemplinina in wine fermentation. FEMS Yeast Res 8:328–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00339.x
Darriet P, Tominaga T, Lavigne V, Boidron J-N, Dubourdieu D (1995) Identification of a powerful aromatic component of Vitis vinifera L. var. Sauvignon wines: 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one. Flavour Fragr J 10:385–392. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730100610
DeLuna A, Vetsigian K, Shoresh N, Hegreness M, Colón-González M, Chao S, Kishony R (2008) Exposing the fitness contribution of duplicated genes. Nat Genet 40:676–681. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.123
Duarte FL, Pimentel NH, Teixeira A, Fonseca Á (2012) Saccharomyces bacillaris is not a synonym of Candida stellata: reinstatement as Starmerella bacillaris comb. nov. Antonie Leeuwenhoek 102:653–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-012-9762-7
Egli CM, Edinger WD, Mitrakul CM, Henick-Kling T (1998) Dynamics of indigenous and inoculated yeast populations and their effect on the sensory character of Riesling and chardonnay wines. J Appl Microbiol 85:779–789. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.00521.x
Englezos V, Rantsiou K, Torchio F, Rolle L, Gerbi V, Cocolin L (2015) Exploitation of the non-Saccharomyces yeast Starmerella bacillaris (synonym Candida zemplinina) in wine fermentation: physiological and molecular characterizations. Int J Food Microbiol 199:33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.01.009
Englezos V, Giacosa S, Rantsiou K, Rolle L, Cocolin L (2017) Starmerella bacillaris in winemaking: opportunities and risks. Curr Opin Food Sci 17:30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2017.08.007
Fedrizzi B, Pardon KH, Sefton MA, Elsey GM, Jeffery DW (2009) First identification of 4-S-glutathionyl-4-methylpentan-2-one, a potential precursor of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one, in Sauvignon Blanc juice. J Agric Food Chem 57:991–995. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802799w
Fernández M, Úbeda J, Briones A (2000) Typing of non-Saccharomyces yeasts with enzymatic activities of interest in wine-making. Int J Food Microbiol 59:29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00283-X
Fleet G (2003) Yeast interactions and wine flavour. Int J Food Microbiol 86(1–2):11–22 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00245-9
Fleet GH, Prakitchaiwattana C, Beh A, Heard G (2002) The yeast ecology of wine grapes. In: Ciano M (ed) Biodiversity and biotechnology of wine yeasts. Research Signpost, Kerala, pp 1–17
Garcia-Gonzalez L, Geeraerd AH, Spilimbergo S, Elst K, Van Ginneken L, Debevere J, Van Impe JF, Devlieghere F (2007) High pressure carbon dioxide inactivation of microorganisms in foods: the past, the present and the future. Int J Food Microbiol 117:1–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.018
Gietz RD, Schiestl RH (1991) Applications of high efficiency lithium acetate transformation of intact yeast cells using single-stranded nucleic acids as carrier. Yeast 7:253–263. https://doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070307
Gil JV, Mateo JJ, JiméNez M, Pastor A, Huerta T (1996) Aroma compounds in wine as influenced by apiculate yeasts. J Food Sci 61:1247–1250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb10971.x
Gill CO, Tan KH (1979) Effect of carbon dioxide on growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Appl Environ Microbiol 38:237–240
Goddard MR (2008) Quantifying the complexities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae’s ecosystem engineering via fermentation. Ecology 89:2077–2082. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2060.1
Gunes G, Blum LK, Hotchkiss JH (2005) Inactivation of yeasts in grape juice using a continuous dense phase carbon dioxide processing system. J Sci Food Agric 85:2362–2368. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2260
Haas GJ, Prescott HE, Dudley E, Dik R, Hintlian C, Keane L (1989) Inactivation of microorganisms by carbon dioxide under pressure. J Food Saf 9:253–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1989.tb00525.x
Hartman RE, Keen NT, Long M (1972) Carbon dioxide fixation by Verticillium albo-atrum. J Gen Microbiol 73:29–34. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-73-1-29
Henschke PA, Jiranek V (1993) Yeasts: metabolism of nitrogen compounds. In: Fleet GH (ed) Wine microbiology and biotechnology. Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur, pp 27–54
Hernandez-Orte P, Cersosimo M, Loscos N, Cacho J, Garciamoruno E, Ferreira V (2008) The development of varietal aroma from non-floral grapes by yeasts of different genera. Food Chem 107:1064–1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.09.032
Herraiz T, Reglero G, Herraiz M, Martin-Alvarez PJ, Cabezudo MD (1990) The influence of the yeast and type of culture on the volatile composition of wines fermented without sulfur dioxide. Am J Enol Vitic 41:313–318
Holm Hansen E, Nissen P, Sommer P, Nielsen JC, Arneborg N (2001) The effect of oxygen on the survival of non-Saccharomyces yeasts during mixed culture fermentations of grape juice with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Appl Microbiol 91:541–547. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01426.x
Howell KS, Swiegers JH, Elsey GM, Siebert TE, Bartowsky EJ, Fleet GH, Pretorius IS, de Barros Lopes MA (2004) Variation in 4-mercapto-4-methyl-pentan-2-one release by Saccharomyces cerevisiae commercial wine strains. FEMS Microbiol Lett 240:125–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.09.022
Hutkins RW, Nannen NL (1993) pH homeostasis in lactic acid bacteria. J Dairy Sci 76:2354–2365. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77573-6
Jolly NP, Augustyn OPH, Pretorius IS (2003) The occurrence of non-Saccharomyces yeast species over three vintages in four vineyards and grape musts from four production regions of the Western Cape, South Africa. South Afr J Enol Vitic 24:35–42. https://doi.org/10.21548/24-2-2640
Jolly NP, Varela C, Pretorius IS (2014) Not your ordinary yeast: non-Saccharomyces yeasts in wine production uncovered. FEMS Yeast Res 14:215–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/1567-1364.12111
Jones RP, Greenfield PF (1982) Effect of carbon dioxide on yeast growth and fermentation. Enzym Microb Technol 4:210–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(82)90034-5
King AD, Nagel CW (1975) Influence of carbon dioxide upon the metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Food Sci 40:362–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1975.tb02202.x
Li S-S, Cheng C, Li Z, Chen J-Y, Yan B, Han B-Z, Reeves M (2010) Yeast species associated with wine grapes in China. Int J Food Microbiol 138:85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.009
Lin H-M, Cao N, Chen L-F (1994) Antimicrobial effect of pressurized carbon dioxide on Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Sci 59:657–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb05587.x
Magyar I, Tóth T (2011) Comparative evaluation of some oenological properties in wine strains of Candida stellata, Candida zemplinina, Saccharomyces uvarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Microbiol 28:94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2010.08.011
Martinez J, Toledano F, Millan C, Ortega JM (1990) Development of alcoholic fermentation in non-sterile musts from “Pedro Ximenez” grapes inoculated with pure cultures of selected yeasts. Food Microbiol 7:217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/0740-0020(90)90027-F
Martini A, Ciani M, Scorzetti G (1996) Direct enumeration and isolation of wine yeasts from grape surfaces. Am J Enol Vitic 47:435–440
Marullo P, Bely M, Masneuf-Pomarede I, Pons M, Aigle M, Dubourdieu D (2006) Breeding strategies for combining fermentative qualities and reducing off-flavor production in a wine yeast model. FEMS Yeast Res 6:268–279 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00034.x
Marullo P, Aigle M, Bely M, Masneuf-Pomarede I, Durrens P, Dubourdieu D, Yvert G (2007) Single QTL mapping and nucleotide-level resolution of a physiologic trait in wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. FEMS Yeast Res 7:941–952. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00252.x
Masneuf-Pomarède I, Mansour C, Murat M, Tominaga T, Dubourdieu D (2006) Influence of fermentation temperature on volatile thiols concentrations in Sauvignon Blanc wines. Int J Food Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.01.001
Mestre MV, Maturano YP, Mercado L, Toro ME, Vazquez F, Combina M (2016) Evaluation of different co-inoculation time of non- Saccharomyces/Saccharomyces yeasts in order to obtain reduced ethanol wines. BIO Web Conf 7:02025. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20160702025
Mills DA, Johannsen EA, Cocolin L (2002) Yeast diversity and persistence in Botrytis-affected wine fermentations. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:4884–4893. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.10.4884-4893.2002
Morales P, Rojas V, Quirós M, Gonzalez R (2015) The impact of oxygen on the final alcohol content of wine fermented by a mixed starter culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99:3993–4003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6321-3
Moreira N, Mendes F, Guedes de Pinho P, Hogg T, Vasconcelos I (2008) Heavy sulphur compounds, higher alcohols and esters production profile of Hanseniaspora uvarum and Hanseniaspora guilliermondii grown as pure and mixed cultures in grape must. Int J Food Microbiol 124:231–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.03.025
Moreno JJ, Millán C, Ortega JM, Medina M (1991) Analytical differentiation of wine fermentations using pure and mixed yeast cultures. J Ind Microbiol 7:181–189. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01575881
Murat ML, Masneuf I, Darriet P, Lavigne V, Tominaga T, Dubourdieu D (2001) Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains on the liberation of volatile thiols in Sauvignon Blanc wine. Am J Enol Vitic 52:136–139
Nguyen H-V, Panon G (1998) The yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima has an inhibitory effect against various yeast species. Sci Aliments 18:515–526
Okamoto H (1976) Effects of anoxia and high CO2 concentration on the electrogenic activity of leaf cell membrane in the dark. Plant Cell Physiol 17:1273–1280
Oro L, Ciani M, Comitini F (2014) Antimicrobial activity of Metschnikowia pulcherrima on wine yeasts. J Appl Microbiol 116:1209–1217. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.12446
Oura E, Haarasilta S, Londesborough J (1980) Carbon dioxide fixation by baker’s yeast in a variety of growth conditions. Microbiology 118:51–58. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-118-1-51
Padilla B, Gil JV, Manzanares P (2016) Past and future of non-Saccharomyces yeasts: from spoilage microorganisms to biotechnological tools for improving wine aroma complexity. Front Microbiol 7:411 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00411
Pate JB, Lodge JP, Wartburg AF (1962) Effect of pararosaniline in the trace determination of sulfur dioxide. Anal Chem 34:1660–1662. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60192a001
Pérez G, Fariña L, Barquet M, Boido E, Gaggero C, Dellacassa E, Carrau F (2011) A quick screening method to identify β-glucosidase activity in native wine yeast strains: application of Esculin glycerol agar (EGA) medium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 27:47–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0425-4
Peynaud E (1956) Sur la formation d’acétate d’éthyle par les levures du vin. Ind Agric Aliment 73:253–257
Peyrot des Gachons C, Tominaga T, Dubourdieu D (2002) Sulfur aroma precursor present in S-glutathione conjugate form: identification of S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione in must from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon Blanc. J Agric Food Chem 50:4076–4079. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020002y
Plata C, Millán C, Mauricio JC, Ortega JM (2003) Formation of ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate by various species of wine yeasts. Food Microbiol 20:217–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(02)00101-6
Rapp A, Mandery H (1986) Wine aroma. Experientia 42:873–884. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01941764
Renault P, Coulon J, de Revel G, Barbe J-C, Bely M (2015) Increase of fruity aroma during mixed T. delbrueckii/S. cerevisiae wine fermentation is linked to specific esters enhancement. Int J Food Microbiol 207:40–48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.037
Renault P, Miot-Sertier C, Marullo P, Hernández-Orte P, Lagarrigue L, Lonvaud-Funel A, Bely M (2009) Genetic characterization and phenotypic variability in Torulaspora delbrueckii species: potential applications in the wine industry. Int J Food Microbiol 134:201–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.06.008
Renault PE, Coulon J, Moine V, Thibon C, Bely M (2016) Enhanced 3-sulfanyl-hexan-1-ol production in sequential mixed fermentation with Torulaspora delbrueckii/Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals a situation of synergistic interaction between two industrial strains. Front Microbiol 7:293. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00293
Rockwell GE, Highberger JH (1927) The necessity of carbon dioxide for the growth of bacteria, yeasts and molds. J Infect Dis 40:438–446
Roland A, Schneider R, Razungles A, Cavelier F (2011) Varietal thiols in wine: discovery, analysis and applications. Chem Rev 111:7355–7376. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100205b
Romano P (2003) Function of yeast species and strains in wine flavour. Int J Food Microbiol 86:169–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00290-3
Rossouw D, Bauer FF (2016) Exploring the phenotypic space of non-Saccharomyces wine yeast biodiversity. Food Microbiol 55:32–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2015.11.017
Sadoudi M, Tourdot-Maréchal R, Rousseaux S, Steyer D, Gallardo-Chacón J-J, Ballester J, Vichi S, Guérin-Schneider R, Caixach J, Alexandre H (2012) Yeast–yeast interactions revealed by aromatic profile analysis of Sauvignon Blanc wine fermented by single or co-culture of non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces yeasts. Food Microbiol 32:243–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2012.06.006
Salvadó Z, Arroyo-López FN, Barrio E, Querol A, Guillamón JM (2011) Quantifying the individual effects of ethanol and temperature on the fitness advantage of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Microbiol 28:1155–1161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2011.03.008
Shinohara T, Kubodera S, Yanagida F (2000) Distribution of phenolic yeasts and production of phenolic off-flavors in wine fermentation. J Biosci Bioeng 90:90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1723(00)80040-7
Soden A, Francis IL, Oakey H, Henschke PA (2000) Effects of co-fermentation with Candida stellata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the aroma and composition of Chardonnay wine. Aust J Grape Wine Res 6:21–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2000.tb00158.x
Spilimbergo S, Elvassore N, Bertucco A (2002) Microbial inactivation by high-pressure. J Supercrit Fluids 22:55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(01)00106-1
Spilimbergo S, Bertucco A, Basso G, Bertoloni G (2005) Determination of extracellular and intracellular pH of Bacillus subtilis suspension under CO2 treatment. Biotechnol Bioeng 92:447–451. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20606
Subileau M, Schneider R, Salmon J-M, Degryse E (2008) New insights on 3-mercaptohexanol (3MH) biogenesis in Sauvignon Blanc wines: cys-3MH and (E)-hexen-2-al are not the major precursors. J Agric Food Chem 56:9230–9235. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf801626f
Swiegers JH, Pretorius IS (2005) Yeast Modulation of Wine Flavor. In: Advances in Applied Microbiology. Elsevier, pp 131–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2164(05)57005-9
Teixeira de Mattos MJ, Plomp PJAM, Neijssel OM, Tempest DW (1984) Influence of metabolic end-products on the growth efficiency of Klebsiella aerogenes in anaerobic chemostat culture. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 50:461–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02386220
Tofalo R, Schirone M, Torriani S, Rantsiou K, Luca C, Perpetuini G, Suzzi G (2012) Diversity of Candida zemplinina strains from grapes and Italian wines. Food Microbiol 29:18–26
Tominaga T, Dubourdieu D (2006) A novel method for quantification of 2-methyl-3-furanthiol and 2-furanmethanethiol in wines made from Vitis vinifera grape varieties. J Agric Food Chem 54:29–33. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050970b
Tominaga T, Peyrot des Gachons C, Dubourdieu D (1998) A new type of flavor precursors in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon Blanc: S-cysteine conjugates. J Agric Food Chem 46:5215–5219. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980481u
Zimmer A (2013) Etude du déterminisme génétique de la phase de latence chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae en conditions oenologiques. Impact des mécanismes de résistance au SO2. PhD Thesis, Université de Bordeaux 2, France
Zimmer A, Durand C, Loira N, Durrens P, Sherman DJ, Marullo P (2014) QTL Dissection of lag phase in wine fermentation reveals a new translocation responsible for Saccharomyces cerevisiae adaptation to sulfite. PLoS ONE 9:e86298. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086298
Zott K, Miot-Sertier C, Claisse O, Lonvaud-Funel A, Masneuf-Pomarede I (2008) Dynamics and diversity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts during the early stages in winemaking. Int J Food Microbiol 125:197–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.04.001
Zott K, Thibon C, Bely M, Lonvaud-Funel A, Dubourdieu D, Masneuf-Pomarede I (2011) The grape must non-Saccharomyces microbial community: impact on volatile thiol release. Int J Food Microbiol 151:210–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.026
Acknowledgements
The authors thank, Cécile Thibon, Pascaline Redon, and the Sarco Company for their technical support, and Remy Ghidossi for his precious help.
Funding
This work was founded by Biolaffort company.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
This article does not contain any studies involving human participants or animals performed by any of the authors
Conflict of interest
Warren Albertin and Marina Bely declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Laura Chasseriaud, Joana Coulon, and Philippe Marullo are affiliated with the Biolaffort company.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(PDF 240 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chasseriaud, L., Coulon, J., Marullo, P. et al. New oenological practice to promote non-Saccharomyces species of interest: saturating grape juice with carbon dioxide. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102, 3779–3791 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8861-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8861-4