Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen of significant concern in many ready to eat foods due to its ability to survive and multiply even under significant environmental stresses. Listeriosis in humans is a concern, especially to high-risk populations such as those who are immunocompromised or pregnant, due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality. Whole genome sequencing has become a routine part of assessing L. monocytogenes isolated from patients, and the frequency of different genetic subtypes associated with listeriosis is now being reported. The recent abundance of genome sequences for L. monocytogenes has provided a wealth of information regarding the variation in core and accessory genomic elements. Newly described accessory genomic regions have been linked to greater virulence capabilities as well as greater resistance to environmental stressors such as sanitizers commonly used in food processing facilities. This review will provide a summary of our current understanding of stress response and virulence phenotypes of L. monocytogenes, within the context of the genetic diversity of the pathogen.
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Acknowledgements
Teresa M. Bergholz and the work in the Bergholz lab is partially supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under project no. ND02426. Mira Rakic-Martinez was supported by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program to the FDA.
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Bergholz, T.M., Shah, M.K., Burall, L.S. et al. Genomic and phenotypic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes clonal complexes associated with human listeriosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102, 3475–3485 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8852-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8852-5