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Marked Succession of Cyanobacterial Communities Following Glacier Retreat in the High Arctic

  • Soil Microbiology
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Abstract

Cyanobacteria are important colonizers of recently deglaciated proglacial soil but an in-depth investigation of cyanobacterial succession following glacier retreat has not yet been carried out. Here, we report on the successional trajectories of cyanobacterial communities in biological soil crusts (BSCs) along a 100-year deglaciation gradient in three glacier forefields in central Svalbard, High Arctic. Distance from the glacier terminus was used as a proxy for soil age (years since deglaciation), and cyanobacterial abundance and community composition were evaluated by epifluorescence microscopy and pyrosequencing of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences, respectively. Succession was characterized by a decrease in phylotype richness and a marked shift in community structure, resulting in a clear separation between early (10–20 years since deglaciation), mid (30–50 years), and late (80–100 years) communities. Changes in cyanobacterial community structure were mainly connected with soil age and associated shifts in soil chemical composition (mainly moisture, SOC, SMN, K, and Na concentrations). Phylotypes associated with early communities were related either to potentially novel lineages (< 97.5% similar to sequences currently available in GenBank) or lineages predominantly restricted to polar and alpine biotopes, suggesting that the initial colonization of proglacial soil is accomplished by cyanobacteria transported from nearby glacial environments. Late communities, on the other hand, included more widely distributed genotypes, which appear to establish only after the microenvironment has been modified by the pioneering taxa.

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Acknowledgements

IS Pessi is a PhD FRIA fellow and A Wilmotte is a Research Associate of the FRS-FNRS. The authors would like to thank J Kavan for the help setting up the sampling strategy and L Cappelatti, HD Laughinghouse IV, PB Costa, E Verleyen, A Corato, T Gerards, and F Franck for the valuable suggestions and discussion.

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic (grants LM2010009 and RVO67985939) and the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS) under the projects PYROCYANO (grant CRCH1011-1513911) and BIPOLES (grant FRFC2457009).

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Author notes

  1. Igor S. Pessi

    Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9), 00014, Helsinki, Finland

  2. Yannick Lara

    Present address: UR Geology – Palaeobiogeology-Palaeobotany-Palaeopalynology, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août14, B18, Quartier Agora, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium

  3. Fabien Borderie

    Present address: Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté UsC INRA, Campus La Bouloie, Route de Gray 16, 25030, Besançon, France

Authors and Affiliations

  1. InBioS – Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août 13, B6a, Quartier Agora, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Igor S. Pessi, Yannick Lara, Fabien Borderie & Annick Wilmotte

  2. Centre for Polar Ecology, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté Stoce 3, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

    Ekaterina Pushkareva & Josef Elster

  3. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic

    Josef Elster

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Correspondence to Igor S. Pessi.

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Pessi, I.S., Pushkareva, E., Lara, Y. et al. Marked Succession of Cyanobacterial Communities Following Glacier Retreat in the High Arctic. Microb Ecol 77, 136–147 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1203-3

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