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Mixed-Species Biofilms Cultured from an Oil Sand Tailings Pond can Biomineralize Metals

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Here, we used an in vitro biofilm approach to study metal resistance and/or tolerance of mixed-species biofilms grown from an oil sand tailings pond in northern Alberta, Canada. Metals can be inhibitory to microbial hydrocarbon degradation. If microorganisms are exposed to metal concentrations above their resistance levels, metabolic activities and hydrocarbon degradation can be slowed significantly, if not inhibited completely. For this reason, bioremediation strategies may be most effective if metal-resistant microorganisms are used. Viability was measured after exposure to a range of concentrations of ions of Cu, Ag, Pb, Ni, Zn, V, Cr, and Sr. Mixed-species biofilms were found to be extremely metal resistant; up to 20 mg/L of Pb, 16 mg/L of Zn, 1,000 mg/L of Sr, and 3.2 mg/L of Ni. Metal mineralization was observed by visualization with scanning electron microscopy with metal crystals of Cu, Ag, Pb, and Sr exuding from the biofilms. Following metal exposure, the mixed-species biofilms were analyzed by molecular methods and were found to maintain high levels of species complexity. A single species isolated from the community (Rhodococcus erythropolis) was used as a comparison against the mixed-community biofilm and was seen to be much less tolerant to metal stress than the community and did not biomineralize the metals.

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Acknowledgments

We thank members of the Petroleum Microbiology Research Group (Drs. Gerrit Voordouw and Lisa Gieg) of which is supported by Genome Canada, Genome Alberta, the Government of Alberta, and Genome BC. An oil sand operator from the Athabasca region is gratefully acknowledged for supplying the tailings pond sample. The research was supported by an NSERC Strategic grant to RJT and HC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Susanne Golby, Howard Ceri & Raymond J. Turner

  2. Biofilm Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Susanne Golby, Howard Ceri & Raymond J. Turner

  3. HydroQual Laboratories, Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada

    Lyriam L. R. Marques

Authors
  1. Susanne Golby
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  2. Howard Ceri
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  3. Lyriam L. R. Marques
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  4. Raymond J. Turner
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raymond J. Turner.

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ESM 1

Table summarizing the organisms identified through 16S rRNA gene 454 pyrosequencing under the different metal stresses. The SEM figures of Zn, Ni, Cr, and V exposed biofilms, which did not display metal crystals. SEM figures of blank CBD pegs exposed to the metals. (PDF 2.37 MB)

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Golby, S., Ceri, H., Marques, L.L.R. et al. Mixed-Species Biofilms Cultured from an Oil Sand Tailings Pond can Biomineralize Metals. Microb Ecol 68, 70–80 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-013-0331-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-013-0331-z

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