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Technical aspects of mediastinal ultrasound for pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis

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Abstract

Diagnosing childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) may be challenging due to difficulties in obtaining adequate sputum samples, paucibacillary disease and the low sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Chest radiography is an important diagnostic tool for pulmonary TB, but it involves radiation exposure, requires facilities that can house X-ray equipment and has poor inter-reader agreement. The cardinal radiologic finding of mediastinal lymphadenopathy may be detected using mediastinal ultrasound (US). We describe technical aspects of performing mediastinal US, which may assist diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary TB.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Anshuman Bansal, MD, for his assistance in creating the schematic illustrations in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 and to Mr. Frank Miele for creating the US probe illustrations used in Figs. 1 and 2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Medical Center, 757 Westwood Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7437, USA

    Kara-Lee Pool

  2. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Charlotte C. Heuvelings, Sabine Bélard, Heather J. Zar & Savvas Andronikou

  3. Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Charlotte C. Heuvelings, Sabine Bélard & Martin P. Grobusch

  4. Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Sabine Bélard

  5. Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

    Sabine Bélard

  6. Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children’s National Health System, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Dorothy Bulas

  7. Department of Radiology Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Brian Garra

  8. Division of Imaging, Diagnostics and Software Reliability, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories,Center for Devices and Radiological Health,U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA

    Brian Garra

  9. Department of Pediatric Radiology,Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Savvas Andronikou

Authors
  1. Kara-Lee Pool
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  2. Charlotte C. Heuvelings
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  3. Sabine Bélard
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  4. Martin P. Grobusch
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  5. Heather J. Zar
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  6. Dorothy Bulas
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  7. Brian Garra
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  8. Savvas Andronikou
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Correspondence to Kara-Lee Pool.

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Pool, KL., Heuvelings, C.C., Bélard, S. et al. Technical aspects of mediastinal ultrasound for pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol 47, 1839–1848 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-3954-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-3954-2

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