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Risks to the fetus from diagnostic imaging during pregnancy: review and proposal of a clinical protocol

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Abstract

Every day, medical practitioners face the dilemma of exposing pregnant or possibly pregnant patients to radiation from diagnostic examinations. Both doctors and patients often have questions about the risks of radiation. The most vulnerable period is between the 8th and 15th weeks of gestation. Deterministic effects like pregnancy loss, congenital malformations, growth retardation and neurobehavioral abnormalities have threshold doses above 100–200 mGy. The risk is considered negligible at 50 mGy and in reality no diagnostic examination exceeds this limit. The risk of carcinogenesis is slightly higher than in the general population. Intravenous iodinated contrast is discouraged, except in highly selected patients. Considering all the possible noxious effects of radiation exposure, measures to diminish radiation are essential and affect the fetal outcome. Nonionizing procedures should be considered whenever possible and every radiology center should have its own data analysis on fetal radiation exposure. In this review, we analyze existing literature on fetal risks due to radiation exposure, producing a clinical protocol to guide safe radiation use in a clinical setting.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Anabela Rocha, MD, resident in OB/GYN, S. João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, for taking interest in this systematic review.

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  1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Praça de Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal

    Mafalda Gomes & Alexandra Matias

  2. SMIC, Porto, Portugal

    Filipe Macedo

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  1. Mafalda Gomes
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  2. Alexandra Matias
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  3. Filipe Macedo
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Correspondence to Mafalda Gomes.

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Gomes, M., Matias, A. & Macedo, F. Risks to the fetus from diagnostic imaging during pregnancy: review and proposal of a clinical protocol. Pediatr Radiol 45, 1916–1929 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-015-3403-z

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