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3-D cardiac MRI in free-breathing newborns and infants: when is respiratory gating necessary?

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Abstract

Background

Newborns and small infants have shallow breathing.

Objective

To suggest criteria for when respiratory gating is necessary during cardiac MRI in newborns and infants.

Materials and methods

One-hundred ten data sets of newborns and infants with (n = 92, mean age: 1.9 ± 1.7 [SD] years) and without (n = 18, mean age: 1.6 ± 1.8 [SD] years) navigator gating were analysed retrospectively. The respiratory motion of the right hemidiaphragm was recorded and correlated to age, weight, body surface area and qualitative image quality on a 4-point score. Quantitative image quality assessment was performed (sharpness of the delineation of the ventricular septal wall) as well as a matched-pair comparison between navigator-gated and non-gated data sets.

Results

No significant differences were found in overall image quality or in the sharpness of the ventricular septal wall between gated and non-gated scans. A navigator acceptance of >80% was frequently found in patients ages <12 months, body surface area <0.40 m2, body weight <10 kg and a size of <80 cm.

Conclusion

Sequences without respiratory gating may be used in newborns and small infants, in particular if age <12 months, body surface area <0.40 m2, body weight <10 kg and height <80 cm.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Stiftung zur Förderung der Erforschung von Zivilisationserkankungen foundation (Baden-Baden, Germany) for support of the study.

Conflicts of interest

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany

    Achim Seeger, Patrick Krumm, Jürgen F. Schäfer & Ulrich Kramer

  2. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, Tuebingen, Germany

    Achim Seeger

  3. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, Tuebingen, Germany

    Andreas Hornung & Ludger Sieverding

Authors
  1. Achim Seeger
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  2. Patrick Krumm
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  3. Andreas Hornung
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  4. Jürgen F. Schäfer
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  5. Ulrich Kramer
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  6. Ludger Sieverding
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ulrich Kramer.

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Seeger, A., Krumm, P., Hornung, A. et al. 3-D cardiac MRI in free-breathing newborns and infants: when is respiratory gating necessary?. Pediatr Radiol 45, 1448–1454 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-015-3346-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-015-3346-4

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