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Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of the proximal femur and the pelvis in children and adolescents using an upright biplanar slot-scanning X-ray system

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Abstract

Background

The anatomy and biomechanics of the pelvis and lower limbs play a key role in the development of orthopaedic disorders.

Objective

This study aimed to establish normal reference standards for the measurement of gender-specific pelvic and femoral parameters in children and adolescents with the EOS 2-D/3-D system.

Materials and methods

EOS 2-D images of 508 individuals (ages 4-16 years) were obtained as part of routine diagnostics. Patients with lower limb abnormalities were excluded. Pelvic and femoral surface 3-D models were generated and clinical parameters calculated by sterEOS 3-D reconstruction software. Data were evaluated using Spearman correlation, paired-samples and independent-samples t-test and linear regression analysis.

Results

Changes in anatomical parameters were found to correlate with age and gender in 1) femoral mechanical axis length: 27.3-43.7 cm (males), 25.5-41.2 cm (females), 2) femoral head diameter: 29.4-46.1 mm (males), 27.7-41.3 mm (females), 3) femoral offset: 26.8-42.4 mm (males), 25.5-37.9 mm (females) and 4) femoral neck length: 35.1-52.9 mm (males), 32.8-48.1 mm (females). There was no gender-specific correlation for the neck shaft angle with values from 130.4° to 129.3°, for femoral torsion (22.5°-19.4°), for sacral slope (39.0°-44.4°) and for lateral pelvic tilt (5.1 mm-6.2 mm). Sagittal pelvic tilt exhibited no significant correlation with age showing average values of 6.5°.

Conclusions

The EOS 2-D/3-D system proved to be a valuable method in the evaluation of female and male developmental changes in pelvic and lower limb anatomical parameters, in normal individuals younger than 16 years of age.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7635, Pécs, Akác u.1, Hungary

    Kinga Szuper, Ádám Tibor Schlégl, Csaba Vermes, Szabolcs Somoskeöy & Péter Than

  2. Institute of Physiotherapy and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

    Eleonóra Leidecker

Authors
  1. Kinga Szuper
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  2. Ádám Tibor Schlégl
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  3. Eleonóra Leidecker
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  4. Csaba Vermes
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  5. Szabolcs Somoskeöy
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  6. Péter Than
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Correspondence to Péter Than.

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Szuper, K., Schlégl, Á.T., Leidecker, E. et al. Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of the proximal femur and the pelvis in children and adolescents using an upright biplanar slot-scanning X-ray system. Pediatr Radiol 45, 411–421 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3146-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3146-2

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