Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Renal dysplasia and MRI: a clinician’s perspective

  • MR Urography
  • Published:
Pediatric Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Renal dysplasia is a common abnormality in children. The role of MRI in evaluating children with renal dysplasia is evolving. More information is clearly necessary before MRI replaces conventional imaging modalities. In order to appropriately use MRI, the radiologist must have an understanding of the clinical questions that are important in the management of children with renal dysplasia. This review provides background information on renal dysplasia for the pediatric radiologist. The focus is on unilateral disease, especially multicystic dysplastic kidneys, and bilateral dysplasia, which is the most common cause of kidney failure in children. The emphasis is on the important clinical issues, and the potential of MRI as a methodology for providing clinically useful information not otherwise available from other imaging modalities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Grattan-Smith JD, Perez-Bayfield MR, Jones RA et al (2003) MR imaging of kidneys: functional evaluation using F-15 perfusion imaging. Pediatr Radiol 33:293–304

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Chu WCW, Lam WWM, Chan KW et al (2004) Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance urography for assessing drainage in dilated pelvicalyceal systems with moderate renal function: preliminary results and comparison with diuresis renography. BJU Int 93:830–834

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gylys-Morin VM, Minevich E, Tackett LD et al (2000) Magnetic resonance imaging of the dysplastic renal moiety and ectopic ureter. J Urol 164:2034–2039

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Riccabona M, Riccabona M, Koen M et al (2004) Magnetic resonance urography: a new gold standard for the evaluation of solitary kidneys and renal buds? J Urol 171:1642–1646

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rodriguez LV, Spielman D, Herfkens RJ et al (2001) Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of hydronephrosis, reflux and renal scarring in children. J Urol 166:1023–1027

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Grantham JJ, Torres VE, Chapman AB et al (2006) Volume progression in polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 354:2122–2130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Djamali A, Sadowski EA, Samaniego-Picota M et al (2006) Noninvasive assessment of early kidney allograft dysfunction by blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging. Transplantation 82:621–628

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K et al (2006) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: suspected causative role of gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:2359–2362

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Barasch J, Pressler L, Connor J et al (1996) A ureteric bud cell line induces nephrogenesis in two steps by two distinct signals. Am J Physiol 271:F50–F61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kakkar N, Menon S, Radotra BD (2006) Histomorphology of renal dysplasia – an autopsy study. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 25:73–86

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Matsell DG (1998) Renal dysplasia: new approaches to an old problem. Am J Kidney Dis 32:535–543

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Weber S, Moriniere V, Knuppel T et al (2006) Prevalence of mutations in renal developmental genes in children with renal hypodysplasia: results of the ESCAPE study. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:2864–2870

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Beck AD (1971) The effect of intra-uterine urinary obstruction upon the development of the fetal kidney. J Urol 105:784–789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nagata M, Shibata S, Shu Y (2002) Pathogenesis of dysplastic kidney associated with urinary tract obstruction in utero. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17(Suppl 9):37–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Peters CA, Carr MC, Lais A et al (1992) The response of the fetal kidney to obstruction. J Urol 148:503–509

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. D’Alton M, Romero R, Grannum P et al (1986) Antenatal diagnosis of renal anomalies with ultrasound. IV. Bilateral multicystic kidney disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154:532–537

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dillon E, Ryall A (1998) A 10-year audit of antenatal ultrasound detection of renal disease. Br J Radiol 71:497–500

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Rabelo EA, Oliveira EA, Diniz JS et al (2004) Natural history of multicystic kidney conservatively managed: a prospective study. Pediatr Nephrol 19:1102–1107

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kuwertz-Broeking E, Brinkmann OA, Von Lengerke HJ et al (2004) Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney: experience in children. BJU Int 93:388–392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. van Eijk L, Cohen-Overbeek TE, den Hollander NS et al (2002) Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney: a combined pre- and post-natal assessment. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 19:180–183

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Sanders RC, Hartman DS (1984) The sonographic distinction between neonatal multicystic kidney and hydronephrosis. Radiology 151:621–625

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Singh I, Sharma D, Singh N et al (2002) Hydronephrotic obstructed kidney mimicking a congenital multicystic kidney: case report with review of literature. Int Urol Nephrol 34:179–182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Triest JA, Bukowski TP (1999) Multicystic dysplastic kidney as cause of gastric outlet obstruction and respiratory compromise. J Urol 161:1918–1919

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Webb NJ, Lewis MA, Bruce J et al (1997) Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney: the case for nephrectomy. Arch Dis Child 76:31–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Chen YH, Stapleton FB, Roy S 3rd et al (1985) Neonatal hypertension from a unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. J Urol 133:664–665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wacksman J, Phipps L (1993) Report of the Multicystic Kidney Registry: preliminary findings. J Urol 150:1870–1872

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Homsy YL, Anderson JH, Oudjhane K et al (1997) Wilms tumor and multicystic dysplastic kidney disease. J Urol 158:2256–2259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rackley RR, Angermeier KW, Levin H et al (1994) Renal cell carcinoma arising in a regressed multicystic dysplastic kidney. J Urol 152:1543–1545

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Beckwith JB (1997) Wilms’ tumor and multicystic dysplastic kidney disease. J Urol 158:2259–2260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Narchi H (2005) Risk of Wilms’ tumour with multicystic kidney disease: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child 90:147–149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. John U, Rudnick-Schoneborn S, Zerres K et al (1998) Kidney growth and renal function in unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 12:567–571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Atiyeh B, Husmann D, Baum M (1992) Contralateral renal abnormalities in multicystic-dysplastic kidney disease. J Pediatr 121:65–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Feldenberg LR, Siegel NJ (2000) Clinical course and outcome for children with multicystic dysplastic kidneys. Pediatr Nephrol 14:1098–1101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Grinsell MM, Showalter S, Gordon KA et al (2006) Single kidney and sports participation: perception versus reality. Pediatrics 118:1019–1027

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Anderson CR (1995) Solitary kidney and sports participation. Arch Fam Med 4:885–888

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Wikstad I, Celsi G, Larsson L et al (1988) Kidney function in adults born with unilateral renal agenesis or nephrectomized in childhood. Pediatr Nephrol 2:177–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kiprov DD, Colvin RB, McCluskey RT (1982) Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria associated with unilateral renal agenesis. Lab Invest 46:275–281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Verani RR (1992) Obesity-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: pathological features of the lesion and relationship with cardiomegaly and hyperlipidemia. Am J Kidney Dis 20:629–634

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Rahmouni K, Correia MLG, Haynes WG et al (2005) Obesity-associated hypertension: new insights into mechanisms. Hypertension 45:9–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Brenner BM, Lawler EV, Mackenzie HS (1996) The hyperfiltration theory: a paradigm shift in nephrology. Kidney Int 49:1774–1777

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ardissino G, Dacco V, Testa S et al (2003) Epidemiology of chronic renal failure in children: data from the ItalKid project. Pediatrics 111:e382–e387

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Abdelhak S, Kalatzis V, Heilig R et al (1997) A human homologue of the Drosophila eyes absent gene underlies branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome and identifies a novel gene family. Nat Genet 15:157–164

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Marra G, Oppezzo C, Ardissino G et al (2004) Severe vesicoureteral reflux and chronic renal failure: a condition peculiar to male gender? Data from the ItalKid Project. J Pediatr 144:677–681

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Assael BM, Guez S, Marra G et al (1998) Congenital reflux nephropathy: a follow-up of 108 cases diagnosed perinatally. Br J Urol 82:252–257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Maschio G, Alberti D, Janin G et al (1996) Effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency. The Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition in Progressive Renal Insufficiency Study Group. N Engl J Med 334:939–945

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP et al (1993) The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 329:1456–1462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Neild GH, Thomson G, Nitsch D et al (2004) Renal outcome in adults with renal insufficiency and irregular asymmetric kidneys. BMC Nephrol 5:12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Larry A. Greenbaum

Authors
  1. Larry A. Greenbaum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Larry A. Greenbaum.

Additional information

The author has no financial interest, investigational or 'off-label' uses to disclose.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Greenbaum, L.A. Renal dysplasia and MRI: a clinician’s perspective. Pediatr Radiol 38 (Suppl 1), 70–75 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-007-0586-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-007-0586-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation