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Dependence of urban air pollutants on morning/evening peak hours and seasons

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Abstract

Traffic emission is a major source of air pollution in urban cities of developing world. This paper shows dependence of traffic-related air pollutants in urban cities on morning/evening peak hours and winter/summer seasons. This research also shows the meteorological impact, such as temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS), on traffic-related air pollutants in urban cites. Based on the research output, the elevated level of PM concentration was observed between 1.8 and 6.7 times at all nearby roadway locations compared with background (IIT [ISM] campus). We have found 2.3, 2.4, 2.6 (morning) and 2.0, 2.1, and 2.1 (evening) times higher average PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations, respectively, in the winter than summer monitoring periods across all locations, due to the stable boundary layer, lower mixing height, and lower friction velocity. It is indicated that urban meteorology plays a crucial role in increasing or decreasing exposed pollutant concentrations in various microenvironments. The analysis of PM2.5/PM10 ratios was lower during whole campaign due to higher contribution of coarser particles generated by vehicles. During winter and summer seasons, 0.57 and 0.33 was observed, respectively. It is indicated that 57% and 33% of PM10 makes up PM2.5 particle, respectively. PM concentrations have showed a negative linear relationship with T and WS and positive relationship with RH in winter/summer seasons. Therefore, traffic and meteorology play a big role to increase or decrease in traffic-related air pollutants in urban air quality.

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Fig. 1

Base map source: “Dhanbad” Map. Google Maps, 15 December 2017

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad for providing the logistic supports. The authors also acknowledge Jharkhand Space Association Center for sharing meteorological data from the weather station installed in IIT (ISM) campus. They also thank “Regional office Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board Dhanbad” for providing 24-h online ambient air quality data. Sincere thanks to Mr. Anil Kumar (Ph.D. Scholar) and Mr. Sanjeet Singh (B. Tech student) in the Dept. of ESE, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad for his help in conducting field study.

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  1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India

    Sunil Kumar Gupta & Suresh Pandian Elumalai

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  1. Sunil Kumar Gupta
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Correspondence to Suresh Pandian Elumalai.

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Gupta, S.K., Elumalai, S.P. Dependence of urban air pollutants on morning/evening peak hours and seasons. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 76, 572–590 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-019-00616-x

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