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Experimental study on the convective heat transfer performance and pressure drop of functionalized graphene nanofluids in electronics cooling system

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Abstract

Cooling of electronic equipment has gained significant importance in thermal management systems as a result of the increase of power densities in micro-electronic equipment. This present work investigates the convective cooling performance of microwave assisted acidic functionalized graphene – deionized water nanofluid. The nanofluid possess high dispersion stability (Zeta potential < −40 mV) in the pH range (6–8) and a thermal conductivity enhancement of 55.38% compared to base fluid. The heat transfer performance of the nanofluid was studied by investigating the effect of volume fraction (0 to 0.2 vol.%) and flow rate (5 ml/s to 10 ml/s) on the convective heat transfer coefficient, processor core temperature, and pressure drop. An increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient of about 78.5%, a decrease in the core temperature of about 15% and an average increase of 5% in pressure drop were obtained for the maximum concentration and flow rate of the nanofluid. The results concluded that acidic functionalization of graphene nanoparticle has a significant influence on the increase in the thermo-fluid properties of nanofluid and thus can be used as an efficient heat transfer fluid, compared to conventional coolants.

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Abbreviations

A :

surface area (m2)

as :

surface area of nanoparticles (m2/g)

C :

specific heat (J/kg0C)

D :

mean pore diameter (m)

dH :

Hydraulic diameter (m)

h :

convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2.0C)

hth :

Theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient

k :

thermal conductivity (W/m.0C)

L :

Length of the channel (m)

m :

mass flow rate (kg/s)

Nu :

Nusselt number

Q :

volumetric flow rate (m3/s)

q :

Heat flux (W/m2)

Re :

Reynolds number

T :

temperature (°C)

Vm :

pore volume distribution (cm3/g)

v :

velocity (m/s)

Ф :

nanoparticle volume fraction

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (kg/m.sec)

μw :

Dynamic viscosity (kg/m.sec) of fluid at surface

∆P :

pressure drop (Pa)

ρ :

density (kg/m3)

core :

processor core

eff :

effective

f :

fluid

in :

inlet.

np :

nanoparticles

nf :

nanofluid

out :

outlet.

p :

particles

pow :

power

DI :

de ionized

MAAFG :

microwave assisted acidic functionalized graphene

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, 673601, India

    Vishnuprasad S & Haribabu K

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, AC Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India

    Perarasu V.T

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S, V., K, H. & V.T, P. Experimental study on the convective heat transfer performance and pressure drop of functionalized graphene nanofluids in electronics cooling system. Heat Mass Transfer 55, 2221–2234 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02581-6

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