Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Stationary stall phenomenon and pressure fluctuation in a centrifugal pump at partial load condition

  • Original
  • Published:
Heat and Mass Transfer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Stall is a common flow phenomenon in the rotating machinery under partial load conditions. The stall phenomenon can seriously affect the operation efficiency and stability of the machinery. In the present research, the stall phenomenon in a centrifugal pump is numerically studied using the SST k-ω turbulence model. In the present work, four different flow rates (1.0 Qd, 0.7 Qd, 0.5 Qd and 0.3 Qd, where Qd is the design flow rate) are investigated, and results reveal that with the decreasing of flow rate, the stall can be divided into the preliminary stall and stationary stall according to the flow structure. When the flow rate decreases to 0.5, the vortexes become strong, but not occupy the whole passage, which is defined as the preliminary stall. When the flow rate further decreases to 0.3 Qd, a fully developed stationary stall appears. Under this condition, the periodic process of stationary stall can be classified into four stages: incepting stage, developing stage, shedding stage and decaying stage. The dominant frequencies of pressure fluctuations under stationary stall conditions are fi, and the maximum amplitudes of pressure fluctuations of PS4 and PS5 at 0.3 Qd are about 5 times that at 1.0 Qd due to the trailing edge vortexes at the blade outlet.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

d 2 :

Outlet width of impeller

d 3 :

Inlet width of volute (mm)

D j :

Inlet diameter of impeller (mm)

D 2 :

Outer diameter of impeller (mm)

D 3 :

Inlet diameter of volute (mm)

E Q :

Uncertainties of flow measurement

E H :

Head measurement

E T :

Shaft power

H :

Design head (m)

n :

Rotating speed (r/min)

n s :

Specific speed

Q d :

Design flow rate (m3/h)

T :

Time of an impeller revolution (s)

T b :

Time that two adjacent blades pass through the same position (s)

V :

Mean velocity at the outlet of suction pipe (m/s)

Z :

Blade number

η :

Efficiency

ρ :

Density of fluid (kg/m3)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity of the fluid (Pa·s)

Δt :

Time steps (s)

α:

Incidence angle

p :

Pressure (pa)

u :

Velocity vector

μt :

Turbulent viscosity (Pa·s)

References

  1. Tan L, Zhu B, Cao S, Wang Y, Wang B (2014) Numerical simulation of unsteady cavitation flow in a centrifugal pump at off-design conditions. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C-Journal of mechanical engineering science 228(11):1994–2006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Tan L, Zhu B, Wang Y, Cao S, Gui S (2015) Numerical study on characteristics of unsteady flow in a centrifugal pump volute at partial load condition. Eng Comput 32(6):1549–1566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Feng J, Benra F, Dohmen H (2011) Unsteady flow visualization at part-load conditions of a radial diffuser pump: by PIV and CFD. J Fluids Eng

  4. Zhou P, Wang F, Mou J (2017) Investigation of rotating stall characteristics in a centrifugal pump impeller at low flow rates. Eng Comput 2:00–00

    Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang Y, Wu Y (2016) A review of rotating stall in reversible pump turbine. ARCHIVE Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 1989–1996 (vols 203–210), 231(7):1181–1204

  6. Ljevar S, Lange HCD, Steenhoven AAV (2014) Two-dimensional rotating stall analysis in a wide vaneless diffuser. International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2006(15):3109–3126

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ferrara G., Ferrari L., Mengoni C. P, et al. Experimental Investigation and Characterization of the Rotating Stall in a High Pressure Centrifugal Compressor: Part I — Influence of Diffuser Geometry on Stall Inception. ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference, pp. 21–42

  8. Cellai A., Ferrara G, Ferrari L, et al (2003) Experimental Investigation and Characterization of the Rotating Stall in a High Pressure Centrifugal Compressor: Part IV — Impeller Influence on Diffuser Stability. ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference, pp. 21–42

  9. Gao C, Gu C, Wang T et al (2008) Analysis of Geometries' effects on rotating stall in vaneless diffuser with wavelet neural networks. International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2007(1):10

    Google Scholar 

  10. Sinha M, Katz J (2000) Quantitative visualization of the flow in a centrifugal pump with diffuser vanes—I: on flow structures and turbulence. J Fluids Eng 122(1):97–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sinha M, Pinarbasi A, Katz J (2001) The flow structure during onset and developed states of rotating stall within a Vaned diffuser of a centrifugal pump. J Fluids Eng 123(3):490–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Akhras A, Hajem ME, Champagne JY et al (2004) The flow rate influence on the interaction of a radial pump impeller and the diffuser. International Journal of Rotating Machinery 10(4):309–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sano T, Yoshida Y, Tsujimoto Y et al (2002) Numerical study of rotating stall in a pump Vaned diffuser. J Fluids Eng 124(2):192–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sano T, Yuki N, Yoshida Y et al (2004) Alternate blade stall and rotating stall in a Vaned diffuser. JSME Int J 45(4):810–819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hasmatuchi V, Farhat M, Roth S et al (2011) Experimental evidence of rotating stall in a pump-turbine at off-design conditions in generating mode. J Fluids Eng 133(5):623–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lucius A, Brenner G (2011) Numerical simulation and evaluation of velocity fluctuations during rotating stall of a centrifugal pump. J Fluids Eng 133(8):081102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Dazin A, Cavazzini G, Pavesi G et al (2011) High-speed stereoscopic PIV study of rotating instabilities in a radial vaneless diffuser. Exp Fluids 51(1):83–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rikke KB, Jacobsen CB (2003) Nicholas Pedersen. Flow in a centrifugal pump impeller at design and off-design conditions—part II: large Eddy simulations. J Fluids Eng 125(1):73–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Johnson DA, Pedersen N, Jacobsen CB (2005) Measurements of Rotating Stall inside a Centrifugal Pump Impeller. ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. Am Soc Mech Eng, pp. 1281–1288

  20. Krause N, Zähringer K, Pap E (2005) Time-resolved particle imaging velocimetry for the investigation of rotating stall in a radial pump. Exp Fluids 39(2):192–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Berten S, Dupont P, Fabre L et al (2009) Experimental investigation of flow instabilities and rotating stall in a high-energy centrifugal pump stage. Proceedings of FEDSM 2009:505–513

    Google Scholar 

  22. Widmer C, Staubli T, Ledergerber N (2011) Unstable characteristics and rotating stall in turbine brake operation of pump-turbines. J Fluids Eng 133(4):041101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Xu Y, Tan L, Cao S, Qu W (2017) Multiparameter and multiobjective optimization design of centrifugal pump based on orthogonal method. Proc Inst Mech Eng C J Mech Eng Sci 231(14):2569–2579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tan L, Xie ZF, Liu YB, Hao Y, Xu Y (2018) Influence of T-shape tip clearance on performance of a mixed-flow pump [J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of power and energy 232(4):386–396

    Google Scholar 

  25. Tan L, Cao S, Wang Y, Zhu B (2012) Direct and inverse iterative design method for centrifugal pump impellers. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of power and energy 226(6):764–775

    Google Scholar 

  26. Tan L, Yu Z, Xu Y, Liu Y, Cao S (2017) Role of blade rotational angle on energy performance and pressure fluctuation of a mixed-flow pump. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 231(3):227–238

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hao Y, Tan L, Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhang J, Zhu B (2017) Energy performance and radial force of a mixed-flow pump with symmetrical and unsymmetrical tip clearances. Energies 10(1):57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Liu Y, Tan L, Hao Y, Xu Y (2017) Energy performance and flow patterns of a mixed-flow pump with different tip clearance sizes. Energies 10(2):191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hao Y, Tan L (2018) Symmetrical and unsymmetrical tip clearances on cavitation performance and radial force of a mixed flow pump as turbine at pump mode. Renew Energy 127:368–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Liu Y, Tan L (2018) Tip clearance on pressure fluctuation intensity and vortex characteristic of a mixed flow pump as turbine at pump mode. Renew Energy 129:606–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Lucius A, Brenner G (2010) Unsteady CFD simulations of a pump in part load conditions using scale-adaptive simulation. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 31(6):1113–1118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Liu Y, Tan L (2018) Method of C groove on vortex suppression and energy performance improvement for a NACA0009 hydrofoil with tip clearance in tidal energy. Energy 155:448–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Liu M, Tan L, Cao SL (2019) Cavitation-vortex-turbulence interaction and one-dimensional model prediction of pressure for hydrofoil ALE15 by large eddy simulation. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering 141(2):021103-1-17

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant number 51879140], the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering [Grant number 2018-KY-02], the Open Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering [Grant number sklhse-2018-E-01], the Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery (Xihua University), Ministry of Education [Grant number szjj-2017-100-1-004].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Xuanming Ren & Honggang Fan

  2. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China

    Xuanming Ren & Bing Liu

  3. School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Zhifeng Xie

Authors
  1. Xuanming Ren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Honggang Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhifeng Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bing Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhifeng Xie.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ren, X., Fan, H., Xie, Z. et al. Stationary stall phenomenon and pressure fluctuation in a centrifugal pump at partial load condition. Heat Mass Transfer 55, 2277–2288 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02579-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02579-0

Search

Navigation