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Effect of air intake temperature on drying time of unhulled rice using a fluidized bed dryer

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Abstract

Rice is one of the important food crops in Indonesia. It is known as a staple food of Indonesian society. The consumption patterns of rice are slowly but surely increase with increasing income, education and access to information. Increasing demand for rice in the country reaches 1.6% per year. One of the problems that arise in the process of rice production is the drying process. Generally, the unhulled rice drying process in Indonesia is carried out directly in the sun. This method has many limitations. In this study, the drying method used is a fluidized bed. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the intake air temperature and unhulled rice mass on drying time. The intake air temperatures used were 40, 45, 50 °C. The results show that the fastest drying process to obtain the final moisture content of 13.1% from the initial moisture content of about 22% is achieved using the intake air temperature of 50 °C. The drying process takes about 40 min; however, the increased drying process speed is not linearly with the increase in the intake air temperature.

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Abbreviations

A :

Cross-sectional area (m2)

C p :

Heat specific (J/kgK)

C pu :

Air heat specific (J/kg°C)

d p :

Particle diameter (m)

εmf :

Porosity

E :

Energy (J)

E 1 :

Sensible heat (J)

E 2 :

Water sensible heat (J)

E 3 :

Water latent heat (J)

E u :

Energy supplied to the fluidized bed (J)

h fg :

Energy of evaporation (J/kg)

KA i :

Initial moisture content (%)

m kp :

Mass of dry product (kg)

m t :

Total mass of product (kg)

m w :

Mass of the water (kg)

T fp :

Final temperature of the product (°C)

T ip :

Initial temperature of the product (°C)

U mf :

Minimum velocity of fluidization (m/s)

V :

Velocity (m/s)

V u :

Bed volume (m3)

V p :

Particle volume (m3)

∀:

Volume (m3)

\( \overset{\cdot }{\forall } \) :

Volumetric rate (m3/s)

Δt :

Drying time (s)

ρ p :

Particle density (kg/m3)

ρ u :

Air density (kg/m3)

η :

Efficiency

T i :

Inlet air temperature (°C)

T o :

Outlet air temperature (°C)

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of Indonesia for the funding through a research grant 2017 and 2018.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Mataram University, Jl. Majapahit no. 62, Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia

    S. Syahrul, M. Mirmanto & Y. Hartawan

  2. Agricultural Engineering Department, Mataram University, Jl. Majapahit no. 62, Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia

    S. Sukmawaty

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  1. S. Syahrul
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  2. M. Mirmanto
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  3. Y. Hartawan
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  4. S. Sukmawaty
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Correspondence to S. Syahrul.

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Syahrul, S., Mirmanto, M., Hartawan, Y. et al. Effect of air intake temperature on drying time of unhulled rice using a fluidized bed dryer. Heat Mass Transfer 55, 293–298 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2414-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2414-3

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