Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Non-native species colonization of highly diverse, wave swept outer coast habitats in Central California

  • Original paper
  • Published:
Marine Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

More non-native species (NNS) are reported from harbors, estuaries and protected embayments than in wave-exposed, open-coast habitats. In California (USA), hundreds of NNS have become established in international ports, and dozens are known from smaller estuaries. In contrast, only 22 NNS are reported from the state’s 1350 km of open coast. As a result, the perception that open-coast habitats are not vulnerable to invasions has persisted. Management and monitoring focuses on ports and estuaries; the last major monitoring effort on the open coast occurred in 2004. Much of the species-rich Central California coast is now part of a network of marine protected areas (MPAs). We surveyed 12 wave-swept rocky intertidal and eight subtidal sites (from 37°53′40N 122°42′30W to 36°31′16N 121°56′22W) for NNS. At least one NNS was detected at half of the sites surveyed, but most were not widespread or abundant. One exception, a bryozoan in the Watersipora spp. complex, known primarily from ports and estuaries, was found at multiple sites, and was abundant at some. Another non-native, the alga Caulacanthus ustulatus, was abundant at a single site. MPAs were just as likely as sites outside of MPAs to have NNS. For subtidal sites, proximity to a harbor was correlated with the abundance of non-natives. Our findings suggest that our study area is still relatively uninvaded, but the success of Watersipora within some of these highly diverse rocky shore sites underscores the potential vulnerability of high-value open-coast systems to invasions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Data from Pt. Reyes from K. A. Miller. Data from Moss Landing, Eric’s Pinnacle, and Ventura Rocks from earlier surveys by SIL

Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Photos by CJZ, JSP

Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott IA, Hollenberg GJ (1976) Marine algae of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford

    Google Scholar 

  • Aiken E (2014) Underwater tumbleweeds: an exclusive look at an invasive bryozoan (Watersipora subtorquata) in Monterey Harbor. Senior thesis, California State University Monterey Bay

  • Albins MA, Hixon MA (2008) Invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans reduce recruitment of Atlantic coral-reef fishes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 367:233–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albins MA, Hixon MA (2013) Worst case scenario: potential long-term effects of invasive predatory lionfish (Pterois volitans) on Atlantic and Caribbean coral-reef communities. Environ Biol Fish 96:1151–1157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aplikioti M, Louizidou P, Mystikou A, Marcou M, Stavrou P, Kalogirou S, Tsiamis K, Panayotidis P, Küpper FC (2015) Further expansion of the alien seaweed Caulerpa taxifolia var. distichophylla (Sonder) Verlaque, Huisman & Procacini (Ulvophyceae, Bryopsidales) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Aquat Invasions 11:11–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ardura A, Juanes F, Planes S, Garcia-Vazquez E (2016) Rate of biological invasions is lower in coastal marine protected areas. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33013

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashton G, Davidson IC, Ruiz GM (2014) Transient small boats as a long-distance coastal vector for dispersal of biofouling organisms. Estuaries Coasts 37:1572–1581

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashton G, Zabin C, Davidson I, Ruiz G (2011) Aquatic invasive species vector risk assessments: recreational vessels as vectors for non-native marine species in California. Final report to the California Ocean Science Trust

  • Bacela-Spychalska K, Grabowski M, Rewicz T, Konopacka A, Wattier R (2013) The ‘killer-shrimp’ Dikerogrammarus villosus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) invading Alpine lakes: overland transport by recreational boats and scuba-diving gear as potential entry vectors? Aquat Conserv 23:606–618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barry JP, Baxter CH, Sagarin RD, Gilman SE (1995) Climate-related, long-term faunal changes in a California rocky intertidal community. Science 267:672–676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bax N, Williamson A, Aguero M, Gonzalez E, Geeves W (2003) Marine invasive alien species: a threat to global biodiversity. Mar Policy 27:313–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bullard SG, Lambert G, Carman MR, Byrnes J, Whitlatch RB, Ruiz G, Miller RJ, Harris L, Valentine PC, Collie JS, Pederson J, McNaught DC, Cohen AN, Asch RG, Dijkstra J, Heinonen K (2007) The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. A: current distribution, basic biology and potential threat to marine communities of the northeast and west coasts of North America. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 342:99–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bulleri F, Airoldi L (2005) Artificial marine structures facilitate the spread of a non-indigenous green alga, Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides, in the north Adriatic Sea. J Appl Ecol 42:1063–1072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bumbeer J, Moreira da Rocha R (2016) Invading the natural marine substrates: a case study with invertebrates in South Brazil. Zoologia (Curitiba). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150211

    Google Scholar 

  • Burfeind DS, Pitt KA, Connolly RM, Byers JE (2013) Performance of non-native species within marine reserves. Biol Invasions 15:17–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • California Department of Fish and Wildlife (2015) California Marine Life Protection Act Plan for Protected Areas. Updated draft November 2015

  • Carlton JT (ed) (2007) The Light & Smith manual: intertidal invertebrates from central California to Oregon, 4th edn. University of California Press, Los Angeles

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlton JT, Ruiz GM (2005) Vector science and integrated vector management in bioinvasion ecology: conceptual frameworks. In: Mooney HA, Mack RN, McNeely JA, Neville LE, Schei PJ, Waage JK (eds) Invasive alien species: a new synthesis. Island Press, Washington DC, pp 36–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlton JT (1999) The scale and ecological consequences of biological invasions in the world’s oceans. In: Sandlund OT, Schei PJ, Viken A (eds) Invasive species and biodiversity management. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 195–212

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Carlton JT (1979) History, biogeography, and ecology of the introduced marine and estuarine invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America. Dissertation, University of California, Davis

  • Caro AU, Guiñez R, Ortiz V, Castilla JC (2011) Competition between a native mussel and a non-indigenous invader for primary space on intertidal rocky shores in Chile. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 428:177–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavole L-CM, Demko AM, Diner RE, Giddings A, Koester I, Pagniello CM, Paulsen M-L, Ramirez-Valdez A, Schwenck SM, Yen NK (2016) Biological impacts of the 2013–2015 warm-water anomaly in the Northeast Pacific. Oceanography 29:273–285. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cebrian E, Linares C, Marschal C, Garrabou J (2012) Exploring the effects of invasive algae on persistence of gorgonian populations. Biol Invasions 14:2647–2656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman ARO, Johnson CR (1990) Disturbance and organization of macroalgal assemblages in the Northwestern Atlantic. Hydrobiologia 192:77–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke Murray C, Pakhomov EA, Thierrault TW (2011) Recreational boating: a large unregulated vector transporting marine invasive species. Divers Distrib 6:1161–1172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Claudet J, Fraschetti S (2010) Human-drive impacts on marine habitats: a regional meta-analysis in the Mediterranean Sea. Biol Conserv 143:2195–2206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen AN, Harris LH, Bingham BL, Carlton JT, Chapman JW, Lambert CC, Lambert G, Ljubenkov JC, Murray SN, Rao LC, Reardon K, Schwindt E (2005) Rapid Assessment Survey for exotic organisms in southern California bays and harbors, and abundance in port and non-port areas. Biol Invasions 7:995–1002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen AN, Carlton JT (1995) Nonindigenous aquatic species in a United States estuary: a case study of the biological invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta: a Report for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. and the National Sea Grant College Program, Connecticut Sea Grant. United States Fish and Wildlife Service

  • Culver CS, Kuris AM (2000) The apparent eradication of a locally established introduced marine pest. Biol Invasions 2:245–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dafforn KA, Glasby TM, Airoldi L, Rivero NK, Mayer-Pinto M, Johnston EL (2015) Marine urbanization: an ecological framework for designing multifunctional artificial structures. Front Ecol Environ 1:82–90. https://doi.org/10.1890/140050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson SK, Haygood MG (1999) Identification of sibling species of the bryozoan Bugula neritina that produce different anticancer bryostatins and harbor distinct strains of the bacterial symbiont “Candidatus Endobugula setulata”. Biol Bull 196:273–280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dethier MN, Graham ES, Cohen S, Tear LM (1993) Visual versus random-point percent cover estimations: ‘objective’ is not always better. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 96:93–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diez I, Secilla A, Santolaria A, Gorostiaga JM (1999) Phytobenthic intertidal community structure along an environmental pollution gradient. Mar Pollut Bull 38:463–472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edelist D, Rilov G, Golani D, Carlton JT, Spanier E (2012) Restructuring the sea: profound shifts in the world’s most invaded marine ecosystem. Divers Distrib. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12002

    Google Scholar 

  • Elton CS (1958) The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell P, Fletcher RL (2006) An investigation of dispersal of the introduced brown alga Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar and its competition with some species on the man-made structures of Torquay Marina (Devon, UK). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 334:236–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fenner D, Banks K (2004) Orange cup coral Tubastraea coccinea invades Florida and the Flower Garden Banks, northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Coral Reefs 23:505–507

    Google Scholar 

  • Floerl O, Inglis GJ (2005) Starting the invasion pathway: the interaction between source populations and human transport vectors. Biol Invasions 7:589–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fofonoff PW, Ruiz GM, Steves B, Carlton JT (2017) California non-native estuarine and marine organisms (Cal-NEMO) system. http://invasions.si.edu/nemesis/calnemo/intro.html. Accessed 1 Apr 2017

  • Foss S (2008) Introduced aquatic species and marine and estuarine waters of California. Report to California State Legislature, California Department of Fish and Game, Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response

  • Galil BS (2011) The alien crustaceans in the Mediterranean Sea: an historical review. In: Clark PF, Carlton JT (eds) In the wrong place—alien marine crustaceans: distribution, biology and impacts, invading nature, vol 6. Springer series in invasion ecology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 377–401

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Glasby TM, Connell SD, Holloway MG, Hewitt CL (2007) Nonindigenous biota on artificial structures: could habitat creation facilitate biological invasions? Mar Biol 151:887–895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon DP (1967) A report on the ectoproct polyzoa of some Auckland shores. Tane 13:43–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths CL, Hockey PAR, Van Erkom Schurink C, Le Roux PJ (1992) Marine invasive aliens on South African shores: implications for community structure and tropillic functioning. Afr J Mar Sci 12:713–722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guidetti P, Baiata P, Ballesteros E, Di Franco A, Hereu B, Macpherson E, Micheli F, Pais A, Panzalis P, Rosenberg AA, Zabala M, Sala E (2014) Large-scale assessment of Mediterranean marine protected areas effects on fish assemblages. PLoS ONE 9:e91841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hackerott S, Valdiva A, Green SJ, Cote IM, Cox CE, Akins L, Precht WF, Bruno JF (2013) Native predators do not influence invasion success of Pacific lionfish on Caribbean reefs. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068259

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedgpeth JW (1968) Newcomers to the Pacific coast: the estuarine itinerants. In: Ricketts EF, Calvin J, Hedgpeth JW (eds) Between pacific tides, 4th edn. Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp 376–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilbish TJ, Brannock PM, Jones KR, Smith AB, Bullock BN, Wethey DS (2010) Historical changes in the distributions of invasive and endemic marine invertebrates are contrary to global warming predictions: the effects of decadal climate oscillations. J Biogeogr 37:423–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeschke JM, Aparicio LG, Haider S, Heger T, Lortie CJ, Pysek P, Strayer DL (2012) Support for major hypotheses in invasion biology is uneven and declining. NeoBiota 14:1–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johns CV, Brownstein G, Blick RAJ, Erskine PD, Fletcher AT (2015) Testing the power of a wetland vegetation monitoring survey design to detect change based on visual cover estimates. Wetlands 35:1055–1064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplanis NJ, Harris JL, Smith JE (2016) Distribution patterns of non-native seaweeds Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh and Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar on the San Diego and Pacific coast of North America. Aquat Invasions 11:111–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kappel CV (2005) Losing pieces of the puzzle: threats to marine, estuarine, and diadromous species. Front Ecol Environ 3:275–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keller BD, Gleason DF, McLeod E, Woodley CM, Airame S, Causey BD, Friedlander AM, Grober-Dunsmore R, Johnson JE, Miller SL, Steneck RS (2009) Climate change, coral reef ecosystems, and management options for marine protected areas. Environ Manag 44:1069–1088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlenkamp R, Kind B (2013) Arrival of the invasive Watersipora subtorquata (Bryozoa) at Helgoland (Germany, North Sea) on floating macroalgae (Himanthalia). Mar Biodivers Rec 6:73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuris AM, Culver CS (1999) An introduced sabellid polychaete pest infesting cultured abalones and its potential spread to other California gastropods. Invertebr Biol 118:391–403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ladd MC, Collado-Vides L (2013) Practical applications of monitoring results to improve managing for coral reef resilience: a case study in the Mexican Caribbean. Biodivers Conserv 22:591–1608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lages BG, Fleury BG, Menegola C, Creed JC (2011) Change in tropical rocky shore communities due to an alien coral invasion. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 438:85–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leising AW, Schroeder ID, Bograd SJ, Abell J, Durazo R, Gaxiola-Castro G, Bjorkstedt EP, Field J, Sakuma K, Robertson RR, Goericke R, Peterson WT, Brodeur RD, Barceló C, Auth TD, Daly EA, Suryan RM, Gladics AJ, Porquez JM, McClatchie S, Weber ED, Watson W, Santora JA, Sydeman WJ, Melin SR, Chavez FP, Golightly RT, Schneider SR, Fisher J, Morgan C, Bradley R, Warybok P (2015) State of the California current 2014–15: impacts of the warm-water “Blob”. CalCOFI Rep 56:31–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Leppäkoski E, Shiganova T, Alexandrov B (2009) European enclosed and semi-enclosed seas. In: Rilov G, Crooks JA (eds) Biological invasions in marine ecosystems: ecological, management, and geographic perspectives. Springer, Berlin, pp 529–547

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Levin LA, Crooks JA (2011) Functional consequences of invasive species in coastal and estuarine systems. In: Wolanski E, McLusky D (eds) Treatise on estuarine and coastal science, vol 7. Functioning of ecosystems at the land–ocean interface. Academic Press, London, pp 17–51

  • Lewis JA, Coutts ADM (2010) Biofouling invasions. In: Durr S, Thomason CJ (eds) Biofouling. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp 348–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackie JA, Darling JA, Geller JB (2012) Ecology of cryptic invasions: latitudinal segregation among Watersipora (Bryozoa) species. Sci Rep 2:871. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi E, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Castelli A, Chatzinikolaou E, Crowe TP, Ghedini G, Kotta J, Lyons DA, Ravaglioli C, Rilov G, Rindi L, Bulleri F (2015) Ecological impacts of invading seaweeds: a meta-analysis of their effects at different trophic levels. Divers Distrib 21:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malherbe H, Samways M (2014) Rocky shores of a major southern African Marine Protected Area are almost free from intertidal invertebrate alien species. Koedoe 56: Art. #1206

  • Maloney E, Fairey R, Lyman A, Reynolds K, Sigala M (2006) Introduced aquatic species in California open coastal waters. Final report. California Department of Fish and Game. Office of Spill Prevention and Response, Sacramento

  • Marks LM, Salinas-Ruiz P, Reed DC, Holbrook SJ, Culver CS, Engle JM, Kushner DJ, Caselle JE, Freiwald J, Williams JP, Smith JR, Aguilar-Rosas LE, Kaplanis NJ (2015) Range expansion of a non-native, invasive macroalga Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820 in the eastern Pacific. Bioinvasions Rec 4:243–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marraffini ML, Geller JB (2015) Species richness and interacting factors control invasibility of a marine community. Proc R Soc B 282:20150439. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller KA, Aguilar-Rosas LE, Pedroche FF (2011) A review of non-native seaweeds from California, USA and Baja California, Mexico. Hidrobiologica 21:365–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller KA, Engle JM (2009) The natural history of Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum filicinum at the California Channel Islands: non-native seaweeds with different invasion styles. In: Damiani CC, Garcelon DK (eds). Proceedings of the 7th California islands symposium. Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA. pp 131–140

  • Morton JE, Miller MC (1968) The New Zealand Sea Shore. Collins, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Needles LA, Wendt DE (2013) Big changes to a small bay: introduced species and long-term compositional shifts to the fouling community of Morro Bay (CA). Biol Invasions 15:1231–1251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen V, Greenville AC, Dickman CR, Wardle GM (2015) On the validity of visual cover estimates for time series analyses: a case study of hummock grasslands. Plant Ecol 216:975–988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (2015) Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Condition Report Partial Update: A New Assessment of the State of Sanctuary Resources US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring

  • Otero M, Cebrian E, Francour P, Galil B, Savini D (2013) Monitoring marine invasive species in Mediterranean marine protected areas (MPAs): a strategy and practical guide for managers. IUCN, Malaga

    Google Scholar 

  • Page HM, Dugan JE, Culver CS, Hoesterey JC (2006) Exotic invertebrate species on offshore oil platforms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 325:101–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pister B (2009) Urban marine ecology in southern California: the ability of riprap structures to serve as rocky intertidal habitat. Mar Biol 156:861–873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preisler RK, Wasson K, Wolff JW, Tyrrell MC (2009) Invasions of estuaries vs. the adjacent open coast: a global perspective. In: Rilov G, Crooks JA (eds) Biological invasions in marine ecosystems: ecological, management and geographic perspectives. Springer, Berlin, pp 587–617

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • R Core Team (2014) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/

  • Relini G, Relini M, Torchia G (2000) The role of fishing gear in the spreading of allochthonous species: the case of Caulerpa taxifolia in the Ligurian sea. ICES J Mar Sci 57:1421–1427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ricketts EF, Calvin J, Hedgpeth JW (1985) Between pacific tides, 5th edn. Stanford University Press, Stanford (Revised by DW Phillips)

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson A (1905) Non-incrusting chilostomatous Bryozoa of the west coast of North America. Univ Calif Publ Zool 2:235–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruesink JL (2007) Biotic resistance and facilitation of a non-native oyster on rocky shores. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 331:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz GM, Carlton JT (2003) Invasive species: vectors and management strategies. Island Press, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz GM, Carlton JT, Grosholz ED, Hines AH (1997) Global invasions of marine and estuarine habitats by non-indigenous species: mechanisms, extent and consequences. Am Zool 37:621–632

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz GM, Fofonoff PW, Steves B, Foss SF, Shiba S (2011) Marine invasion history and vector analysis of California: a hotspot for western North America. Divers Distrib 17:362–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz GM, Freestone AL, Fofonoff PW, Simkanin C (2009) Habitat distribution and heterogeneity in marine invasion dynamics: the importance of hard substrate and artificial structure. In: Wahl M (ed) Marine hard bottom communities. Springer, Berlin, pp 321–332

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz GM, Rawlings TK, Dobbs FC, Drake LA, Mullady T, Huq A, Colwell RR (2000) Global spread of microorganisms by ships. Nature 408:49–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell LK, Hepburn CD, Hurd CL, Stuart MD (2008) The expanding range of Undaria pinnatifida in southern New Zealand: distribution, dispersal mechanisms and the invasion of wave-exposed environments. Biol Invasions 10:103–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sagarin RD, Barry JP, Gilman SE, Baxter CH (1999) Climate-related change in an intertidal community over short and long time scales. Ecol Monogr 69:465–490. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0465:crciai]2.0.co;2

  • Sanchez I, Fernandez C (2006) Resource availability and invasibility in an intertidal macroalgal assemblage. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 313:85–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanford E, Gaylord B, Hettinger A, Lenz EA, Meyer K, Hill TM (2014) Ocean acidification increases the vulnerability of native oysters to predation by invasive snails. Proc R Soc B 281:20132681

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz ST, Goddard JHR, Gosliner TM, Mason DE, Pence WE, MacDonald GR, Pearse VB, Pearse JS (2011) Climate-index response profiling indicates larval transport is driving fluctuations in nudibranch gastropods from the northeast Pacific Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 56:749–763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sellheim K, Stachowicz JJ, Coates RC (2010) Effects of a nonnative habitat-forming species on mobile and sessile epifaunal communities. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 398:69–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shinen JS, Morgan SG, Chan AL (2009) Invasion resistance on rocky shores: direct and indirect effects of three native predators on an exotic and native prey species. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 378:47–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simkanin C, Davidson IC, Therriault TW, Jamieson G, Dower JF (2017) Manipulating propagule pressure to test the invasibility of subtidal marine habitats. Biol Invasions 19:1565–1575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1379-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simons RD, Page HM, Zaleski S, Miller R, Dugan JE, Schroeder DM, Doheny B (2016) The effects of anthropogenic structures on habitat connectivity and the potential spread of non-native invertebrate species in the offshore environment. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152261

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith JR, Vogt SC, Creedon F, Lucas BJ, Eernisse DJ (2014) The non-native turf-forming alga Caulacanthus ustulatus displaces space-occupants but increases diversity. Biol Invasions 16:2195–2208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stachowicz JJ, Byrnes JE (2006) Species diversity, invasion success, and ecosystem functioning: disentangling the influence of resource competition, facilitation, and extrinsic factors. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 311:251–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stachowicz JJ, Fried H, Osman RW, Whitlatch RB (2002) Biodiversity, invasion resistance, and marine ecosystem function: reconciling pattern and process. Ecology 83:2575–2590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steneck RS, Carlton JT (2001) Human alterations of marine communities: students beware! In: Bertness M, Gaines S, Hay M (eds) Marine community ecology. Sinauer Press, Sunderland, pp 445–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Steneck RS, Graham MH, Bourque BJ, Corbett D, Erlandson JM, Estes JA, Tegner MJ (2002) Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future. Environ Conserv 29:436–459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamburello L, Bulleri F, Balata D, Benedetti-Cecchi L (2014) The role of overgrazing and anthropogenic disturbance in shaping spatial patterns of distribution of an invasive seaweed. J Appl Ecol 51:406–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trimble AC, Ruesink JL, Dumbauld BR (2009) Factors preventing the recovery of a historically overexploited shellfish species, Ostrea lurida Carpenter 1864. J Shellfish Res 28:97–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veiga P, Torres AC, Rubal M, Troncoso J, Sousa-Pinto I (2014) The invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales, Ochrophyta) along the north coast of Portugal: distribution model versus field observations. Mar Pollut Bull 84:63–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vieira LM, Spencer Jones M, Taylor PD (2014) The identity of the invasive fouling bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny) and some other congeneric species. Zootaxa 3857:151–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vila M, Basnou C, Pysek P, Josefsson J, Genovesi P, Gollasch S, Nentwig W, Olenin S, Roques A, Roy D, Hylme PE, DAISIE partners (2010) How well do we understand the impacts of alien species on ecosystem services? A pan-European, cross-taxa assessment. Front Ecol Evol 8:135–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wasson KW, Fenn K, Pearse JS (2005) Habitat differences in marine invasions of central California. Biol Invasions 7:935–948

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wasson K, Zabin CJ, Bedinger L, Diaz C, Pearse J (2001) Biological invasions of estuaries without international shipping: the importance of intraregional transport. Biol Conserv 102:143–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams SL, Smith JE (2007) A global review of the distribution, taxonomy, and impacts of introduced seaweeds. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 38:327–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan WS, Hoffman EA, Walters LJ (2016) Effects of nonnative invertebrates on two life stages of the native eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Biol Invasions 18:689–701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zabin CJ, Ashton GV, Brown CW, Davidson IC, Sytsma MD (2014) Small boats provide connectivity for nonindigenous marine species between a highly invaded international port and nearby coastal harbors. Manag Biol Invasion 5:97–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zabin CJ, Ashton GV, Brown CW, Ruiz GM (2009) Northern range expansion of the Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in western North America. Aquat Invasions 4:429–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zabin CJ, Danner EM, Baumgartner EP, Spafford D, Miller KA, Pearse JS (2013) A comparison of intertidal species richness and composition between Central California and Oahu, HI. Mar Ecol 34:131–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was funded in part under contract to GMR by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife Marine Invasive Species Program, Agreement number P1475001. We thank James T. Carlton and Kathy Ann Miller for assistance in developing our target species list. Kathy Ann Miller provided taxonomic expertise for the algae and David Elvin for sponges. Carrie Craig, Blu Forman, Brandy Gale, Vanesa Guerra, Josie Iselin, Carlianne Johnson, Melinda Wheelock, Heather Fulton-Bennett, and Chris Scianni assisted with field surveys; Daniel M. Cox and Blu Forman assisted with graphics. We thank numerous students from Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station for collecting data and Freya Sommer for assisting with the logistics of dive operations there. We also thank the reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript, and Andrew L. Chang, Laura Jurgens and Patrick Alderich for advice on statistics.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 3152 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA, 94920, USA

    Chela J. Zabin, Michelle Marraffini, Linda McCann, Lina Ceballos & Gregory M. Ruiz

  2. Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA

    Steve I. Lonhart & Chad King

  3. Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA

    James Watanabe

  4. Joseph M. Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA

    John S. Pearse

Authors
  1. Chela J. Zabin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michelle Marraffini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Steve I. Lonhart
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Linda McCann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lina Ceballos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Chad King
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. James Watanabe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. John S. Pearse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Gregory M. Ruiz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chela J. Zabin.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Animal ethics

All animals and plants have been sampled according to state and federal guidelines, and all required research permits and permissions were obtained.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: E. Briski.

Reviewed by T. Robinson, D. Eernisse and an undisclosed expert.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 170 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zabin, C.J., Marraffini, M., Lonhart, S.I. et al. Non-native species colonization of highly diverse, wave swept outer coast habitats in Central California. Mar Biol 165, 31 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3284-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3284-4

Search

Navigation