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The sibling polychaetes Platynereis dumerilii and Platynereis massiliensis in the Mediterranean Sea: are phylogeographic patterns related to exposure to ocean acidification?

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Abstract

High pCO2 environments, such as volcanic carbon dioxide (CO2) vents, which mimic predicted near-future scenarios of ocean acidification (OA), offer an opportunity to examine effects of low pH conditions on marine biodiversity and adaptation/acclimatization of marine organisms to such conditions. Based on previous field studies in these systems, it is predicted that the stress owing to increasing CO2 concentrations favours the colonization by invertebrate species with a brooding habit. The goal of this study was to investigate the relative occurrence of the two sibling species Platynereis dumerilii (Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1834) (free spawner) and Platynereis massiliensis (Moquin-Tandon, 1869) (egg brooder) in two shallow CO2 vents off Ischia and Vulcano islands (Italy, Tyrrhenian Sea), and in various areas with ambient pH conditions, where they represent one of the dominant genera. Phylogeographic analyses were integrated with reproductive biology and life-history observations on some selected populations thriving in the vent areas. This approach revealed the presence of four distinct Platynereis clades. Whereas two clades primarily inhabit CO2 vents and are presumably all brooders, the other two clades dominate the non-acidified sites and appear to be epitokous free spawners. We postulate that one of the brooding, vent-inhabiting clades represents P. massiliensis and one of the free spawning, non-vent-inhabiting clades represents P. dumerilii, although confirmation of the species status with sequence data from the respective-type localities would be desirable.

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Acknowledgements

This project was supported by an EU-ASSEMBLE Grant to JDH, JW, and MCG and partially by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-1036186 to AS. GV was supported by a Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn PhD fellowship. We thank A. Massa-Gallucci for some early observation on P. massiliensis brooding in the laboratory on the Ischia vent’s population, and Thomas Larsson for collaboration in the collection of heteronerids at the Castello vents. MCG is indebted to Prof. Vizzini S. (University of Palermo) and the ESF COST Action (ES 0906) “Seagrass Productivity: From Genes to Ecosystem Management” for the invitation at the Workshop in Vulcano island in early May 2013, and the opportunity to sample Platynereis specimens at the vents.

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  1. Janine Wäge

    Present address: Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Seestraße 15, 18119, Rostock, Germany

  2. Janine Wäge and Giulia Valvassori contributed equally to the paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK

    Janine Wäge & Jörg D. Hardege

  2. Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center Ischia, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy

    Giulia Valvassori & Maria Cristina Gambi

  3. Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, PO Box 1675, Galveston, TX, 77554, USA

    Anja Schulze

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  1. Janine Wäge
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Correspondence to Giulia Valvassori.

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This project was supported by an EU-ASSEMBLE Grant to JDH, JW and MCG and partially by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-1036186 to AS. GV was supported by a Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn PhD fellowship.

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Wäge, J., Valvassori, G., Hardege, J.D. et al. The sibling polychaetes Platynereis dumerilii and Platynereis massiliensis in the Mediterranean Sea: are phylogeographic patterns related to exposure to ocean acidification?. Mar Biol 164, 199 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3222-x

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