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Marine protected areas for deepwater fish populations: an evaluation of their effects in Hawai’i

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Abstract

The success of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a tool for conservation and fisheries management has been well documented. However, these results have typically been seen in shallow water systems and questions remain whether this management strategy could be successfully applied to deepwater ecosystems. Our objectives were to determine the efficacy of four deepwater MPAs called bottomfish restricted fishing areas (BRFAs), with various time spans of protection, monitored at depths between 90 and 310 m from 2007 to 2011 for six species of deepwater snapper and one grouper harvested in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Our results suggested that the duration of protection influenced reserve effects, particularly for target species. Mean fish length, and in some cases abundance, increased for one or more of the most economically important target species inside nearly all tested BRFAs. In addition, more mature fish were seen inside the BRFA with the longest duration of protection (~14 years); species richness increased outside this area while inside it remained the same. Here, we provide the first evidence that deepwater MPAs can have positive effects on deepwater species and that many protection effects were consistent with results found in shallow water ecosystems. While these findings are novel, additional data over greater temporal scales will be necessary to determine whether these trends will continue and if others will become important over time.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the State of Hawai’i Division of Aquatic Resources for providing funding via the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program (F17R35-study IX). Special thanks goes to the BotCam crew, Chris Demarke, Bo Alexander, John Yeh, Jason Friedman, Matt Waterhouse, Aharon Fleury and Clif Nunnally for their tireless field efforts, video analysis and advice. We also thank Audrey Rollo from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for valuable help and advice. Thanks to D. D. Aday for editorial comments. Thanks also to the Sea Engineering crew for ship support on RV Huki Pono.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 1000 Pope Rd., Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Dana K. Sackett, Jeffrey C. Drazen, Virginia N. Moriwake & Christopher D. Kelley

  2. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawai’i Division of Aquatic Resources, 1151 Punchbowl St., Room 330, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA

    Brett D. Schumacher

  3. Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 1000 Pope Rd., Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    William F. X. E. Misa

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  1. Dana K. Sackett
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  2. Jeffrey C. Drazen
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  3. Virginia N. Moriwake
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  4. Christopher D. Kelley
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  5. Brett D. Schumacher
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  6. William F. X. E. Misa
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Correspondence to Dana K. Sackett.

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Communicated by K. D. Clements.

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Sackett, D.K., Drazen, J.C., Moriwake, V.N. et al. Marine protected areas for deepwater fish populations: an evaluation of their effects in Hawai’i. Mar Biol 161, 411–425 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2347-9

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