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Size and spatial structure in deep versus shallow populations of the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Cap de Creus, northwestern Mediterranean Sea)

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Abstract

In the Western Mediterranean Sea, the gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1794) is found at high densities on sublittoral bottoms at depths from 10 to 70 m. Shallow colonies have symbiotic zooxanthellae that deeper colonies lack. While knowledge of the ecology of the shallow populations has increased during the last decades, there is almost no information on the ecology of the deep sublittoral populations. In October and November 2004 at Cap de Creus (42°19′12″ N; 03°19′34″ E), an analysis of video transects made by a remotely operated vehicle showed that shallow populations (10–25 m depth) were dominated by small, non-reproductive colonies, while deep sublittoral populations (50–67 m depth) were dominated by medium-sized colonies. Average and maximum colony heights were greater in the deeper populations, with these deeper populations also forming larger patch sizes and more extensive regions of continuous substrate coverage. These results suggest that shallow habitats are suitable for E. singularis, as shown by the high recruitment rate, but perturbations may limit or delay the development of these populations into a mature stage. This contrasts with the deep sublittoral habitats where higher environmental stability may allow the development of mature populations dominated by larger, sexually mature colonies.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to S. Requena for her assistance with Fig. 1, to C. Lo Iacono for his assistance with the characterization of the study area, and to A. Purser for revision of the English. A. Gori received funding from an I3P contract of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Ref. I3P-BPD2005), and S. Rossi was funded by a Ramón y Cajal contract (RyC-2007-01327). This work is part of the 2003–2004 INTERREG project between Catalonia-Languedoc Rouissillon “Pirineus Mediterrànis: La muntanya que uneix” of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

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  1. Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain

    Andrea Gori & Josep-Maria Gili

  2. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus Cn s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain

    Sergio Rossi

  3. Departament d’Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Cristina Linares

  4. Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus Cn s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain

    Elisa Berganzo

  5. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Promontorio de San Martín s/n, 39004, Santander, Spain

    Covadonga Orejas

  6. University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, BC, Canada

    Mark RT Dale

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Online resource 1 Density plots of shallow (A–E) and deep (F–J) Eunicella singularis populations. Gray line refers to adult colonies, and black line refers to young colonies (colonies < 5 cm in height) (n = number of adult colonies, m = number of young colonies) (PDF 37 kb)

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Gori, A., Rossi, S., Linares, C. et al. Size and spatial structure in deep versus shallow populations of the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Cap de Creus, northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Mar Biol 158, 1721–1732 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1686-7

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