Abstract
‘No-take’ marine protected areas (MPAs) are successful in protecting populations of many exploited fish species, but it is often unclear whether networks of MPAs are adequately spaced to ensure connectivity among reserves, and whether there is spillover into adjacent exploited areas. Such issues are particularly important in species with low dispersal potential, many of which exist as genetically distinct regional stocks. The roman, Chrysoblephus laticeps, is an overexploited, commercially important sparid endemic to South Africa. Post-recruits display resident behavior and occupy small home ranges, making C. laticeps a suitable model species to study genetic structure in marine teleosts with potentially low dispersal ability. We used multilocus data from two types of highly variable genetic markers (mitochondrial DNA control region and seven microsatellite markers) to clarify patterns of genetic connectivity and population structure in C. laticeps using samples from two MPAs and several moderately or severely exploited regions. Despite using analytical tools that are sensitive to detect even subtle genetic structure, we found that this species exists as a single, well-mixed stock throughout its core distribution. The high levels of connectivity identified among sites support the findings of previous studies that have indicated that inshore MPAs are an adequate tool for managing overexploited temperate reef fishes. Even though dispersal of adult C. laticeps out of MPAs is limited, the fact that the large adults in these reserves produce exponentially more offspring than their smaller counterparts in exploited areas makes MPAs a rich source of recruits. We nonetheless caution against concluding that the lack of structure identified in C. laticeps and several other southern African teleosts can be considered to be representative of marine teleosts in this region in general. Many such species are represented in more than one marine biogeographic province and may be comprised of regionally adapted stocks that require individual management.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the Tsitsikamma research angling team, Rhett Bennett, Russell Chalmers, JD Filmalter, Bruce Donovan, Constantin von der Heyden, Alex Weaver and Sven Kerwath for providing samples. The images of Chrysoblephus laticeps were taken from the book “Coastal fishes of southern Africa”, copyright SAIAB & NISC (http://www.coastalfishes.nisc.co.za), and the map was drawn by Fabien Forget and Bronwyn McLean. Peter Teske was supported by a Postdoctoral Research Fellowship for overseas study from the National Research Foundation and an overseas study grant from the Ernest Oppenheimer Memorial Trust. Sophie von der Heyden was supported by a Claude Harris Leon Postdoctoral Fellowship. This contribution represents manuscript no. 37 of the Molecular Ecology Group for Marine Research (MEGMAR), an initiative initially funded with grant MQ A006162 to L. B. Beheregaray.
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Teske, P.R., Forget, F.R.G., Cowley, P.D. et al. Connectivity between marine reserves and exploited areas in the philopatric reef fish Chrysoblephus laticeps (Teleostei: Sparidae). Mar Biol 157, 2029–2042 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1471-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1471-z