Abstract
In order to understand the migratory history and habitat use of the tropical anguillid eels Anguilla celebesensis, A. marmorata, and A. bicolor bicolor, the otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations were examined for eels collected in Indonesian waters. In A. bicolor bicolor collected in a lagoon, the change in Sr:Ca ratios outside the high Sr:Ca core generally indicated two patterns of habitat residence: (1) constant living in either brackish or sea waters with no freshwater life (25%) and (2) habitat shifts from fresh water to brackish or sea waters (75%). No A. bicolor bicolor had a general life history as a freshwater resident. A. celebesensis and A. marmorata from the uppermost freshwater lake showed freshwater life history patterns. The wide range of otolith Sr:Ca ratios in A. bicolor bicolor indicated that the habitat use of this tropical eel was facultative among fresh, brackish, and marine waters during the growth phase after recruitment to coastal areas similar to that for temperate eels. Thus, the migration of anguillid eels into fresh water is clearly not an obligatory.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Dr. Daniel Limbong and Ms. Terry Louis Kepel for their kind assistance with the field survey. The authors also would like to thank Ms. Mayumi Otsuki for assistance with the chemical analysis of Ca and Sr. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid No. 20688008 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.
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Communicated by M. A. Peck.
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Chino, N., Arai, T. Occurrence of marine resident tropical eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor in Indonesia. Mar Biol 157, 1075–1081 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-009-1388-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-009-1388-6