Abstract
We examined the population genetics of six species of marine cladocerans, using a ~600 bp fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene sequence. Phylogenetic analysis revealed significant intraspecific, semi-allopatric phylogenetic breaks in four out of five species belonging to the Podonidae, supporting an ancient radiation and oceanic expansion for this group. By contrast, Penilia avirostris (Sididae) displayed no phylogeographic structure across a global sampling, suggesting a recent worldwide expansion. Our results also show a transoceanic distribution of identical or very similar haplotypes in several species of marine Cladocera, which may be interpreted as either natural transport or evidence of recent anthropogenic transport. If the latter is the case, marine cladocerans represent one of the first genetically documented cases of exotic or invasive marine zooplankton, likely an underreported group.
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Acknowledgments
Special thanks to D. Bonnet, J. Colbourne, B. Conner, E.G. Durbin, R. Dooh, M. Galbraith, E. Gorokhova, I. Grigorovich, D. Hardie, C. Hyatt, S. Jonasdottir, T. Klevjer, S. Leandro, M.G. Mazzochi, L. Omer, M. Pfrender, I. Siokou, J. Stzlecki, D.J. Taylor, G. Vlad, S. Vernooij, and C.K. Wong for providing samples. This work was supported by a HHMI Capstone Scholarship to AD, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council grants to MEAC and PDNH.
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Communicated by T. Reusch.
Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. EU675871–EU675924.
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S1. Numbers of haplotypes collected from different regional and local populations. Collection times varied throughout the year. For two locations, the neritic waters off Portugal (POR) and Vancouver Island, Canada (VAN), several collection sites are treated as a single local population. Other abbreviations for collection localities are as follows: AEG, Aegean Sea; GON, Gulf of Naples; ROM, Romanian coast; NET, Netherlands coast; ENG, English Channel station L4 (Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK); OSL, Oslo Fjord, Norway; COP, near Copenhagen, Denmark; BAL, Northern Baltic Sea (Landsort Deep); NAR, Narragansett Bay, USA; BOF, Bay of Fundy, Canada; BER, Bering Strait neritic waters; ORE, Oregon coast, USA; TAS, Tasmanian neritic waters; GOT, Gulf of Thailand; SYD, Sydney Harbor, Australia; PER, near Perth, Australia; HON, near Hong Kong, China. (DOC 223 kb)
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Durbin, A., Hebert, P.D.N. & Cristescu, M.E.A. Comparative phylogeography of marine cladocerans. Mar Biol 155, 1–10 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-008-0996-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-008-0996-x