Abstract
Growth of the abalone, Haliotis midae, was investigated at Port Alfred, on the south coast of South Africa, using both new and established techniques. A new method for aging animals is described, which makes use of shell autofluorescence under UV light to visualise internal growth bands. The deposition of growth bands was validated using measurements from shells of known age and, at one site, comparing growth estimates to those from cohort analysis undertaken at the same site. The new technique is far less time consuming and labour intensive than previously described methods; it is also non-destructive and proved to have potential for the reliable and rapid assessment of growth in large-scale studies. Growth of H. midae was also investigated at nine other sites, incorporating the full distribution range of the species. Systematic geographic variation in growth was observed along the South African coastline. Statistically significant differences existed among sites in growth rates for animals <4 years and between 4 and 6 years and in the mean maximum sizes attained. Generally, H. midae from the south/southeast coast were found to have faster growth rates, smaller mean maximum sizes and were assumed to attain sexual maturity (determined in previous studies) earlier than those along the southwest/west coast. The geographic differences in estimates of growth observed have significant implications for future modelling approaches and indicate that present national management strategies are not appropriate as they fail to take regional variability into account.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anwar NA, Richard O, Seed R (1990) Age determination, growth rate and population structure of the horse mussel Modiolus modiolus. J Mar Biolog Assoc UK 70:441–457
Arnold WS, Marelli DC, Bert TM, Jones DS, Raimondi PT (1991) Habitat-specific growth of hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) from the Indian River, Florida. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 147:245–265
Aviles JGG, Shepherd SA (1996) Growth and survival of the blue abalone Haliotis fulgens in barrels at Cedros Island, Baja California, with a review of abalone barrel culture. Aquaculture 140:169–176
Bergen Wright M (1975) Growth in the black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii. Veliger 18:194–199
Breen PA (1980) Measuring fishing intensity and annual production in the abalone fishery of British Columbia. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquatic Sci 947:1–49
Cerrato RM (1990) Interpretable statistical tests for growth comparisons using parameters in the von Bertalanffy equation. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47:1416–1426
Day RW, Fleming AE (1992) The determinants and measurement of abalone growth. In: Shepherd SA, Tegner MJ, Guzman del Proo SA (eds) Abalone of the world: biology, fisheries and culture. Fishing News Books, Great Britain
Ekaratne SUK, Crisp DJ (1984) Seasonal growth studies of intertidal gastropods from shell micro-growth band measurements, including a comparison with alternative methods. J Mar Biolog Assoc UK 64:183–210
Erasmus J, Cook PA, Sweijd N (1994) Internal shell structure and growth lines in the shell of the abalone, Haliotis midae. J Shellfish Res 13:493–501
Forster GR (1967) The growth of Haliotis tuberculata: results of tagging experiments in Guernsey 1963–1965. J Mar Biolog Assoc UK 47:287–300
Foster GG (1997) Growth, reproduction and feeding biology of Turbo sarmaticus (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda) along the coast of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. PhD thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
Frank PW (1965) Shell growth in a natural population of the turban snail, Tegula funebralis. Growth 29:395–403
Godfrey BP (2003) The potential of abalone stock enhancement in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. MSc thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, pp i–161
Hayashi I (1980) Structure and growth of a shore population of the ormer, Haliotis tuberculata. J Mar Biolog Assoc UK 60:431–437
Keesing JK, Wells FE (1989) Growth of the abalone Haliotis roei Gray. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 40:199–204
Leighton D, Boolootian RA (1963) Diet and growth in the black abalone Haliotis cracherodii. Ecology 44:227–238
Lutz RA (1976) Annual growth patterns in the inner shell layer of Mytilus edulis L. J Mar Biolog Assoc UK 56:723–731
McShane PE, Smith MG (1992) Shell growth checks are unreliable indicators of age of abalone Haliotis rubra (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Aust J Mar Freshw Res 43:1215–1219
McShane PE, Smith MG, Beinssen KHH (1988) Growth and morphometry in abalone (Haliotis rubra Leach) from Victoria. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 39:161–166
Muñoz Lopez T (1976) Resultados preliminares de un metoda para determinar edad abulones (Haliotis spp.) de Baja California. Mem Simp Recursos Pesqs Masivos Mexico BC 28:281–301
Nash WJ (1992) An evaluation of egg-per-recruit analysis as a means of assessing size limits for blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) in Tasmania. In: Shepherd SA, Tegner MJ, Guzman del Proo SA (eds) Abalone of the world: biology, fisheries and culture. Fishing News Books, Great Britain, pp 318–340
Nash WJ (1995) The development of new techniques for assessing and managing the Australian abalone fisheries. Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Tasmania, Hobart, FRDC Grant 88/94
Naylor JR, Andrew NL, Kim SW (2006) Demographic variation in the New Zealand abalone Haliotis iris. Mar Freshw Res 57:215–224
Newman GG (1968) Growth of the South African abalone, Haliotis midae. Invest Rep Div Sea Fish S A 67:1–24
Poore GCB (1972) Ecology of New Zealand abalone, Haliotis species (Mollusca: Gastropoda). 3. Growth. N Z J Mar Freshw Res 6:534–559
Prince JD (1991) A new technique for tagging abalone. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 42:101–106
Prince JD, Sellers TL, Ford WB, Talbot SR (1988a) A method for ageing the abalone Haliotis rubra (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Aust J Mar Freshw Res 39:167–175
Prince JD, Sellers TL, Ford WB, Talbot SR (1988b) Recruitment, growth, mortality and population structure in a southern Australian population of Haliotis rubra (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Mar Biol 100:75–82
Proudfoot L (2006) Population structure, growth and recruitment of two exploited infralittoral molluscs (Haliotis midae and Turbo sarmaticus) along the south east coast, South Africa. MSc thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
Punt AE, Leslie RW (1991) Estimates of some biological parameters for the cape hakes off the South African west coast. S Afr J Mar Sci 10:271–284
Richardson CA (1987) Microgrowth patterns in the shell of the Malaysian cockle Anadara granosa (L.) and their use in age determination. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 111:77–98
Richardson CA, Seed R, Naylor E (1990) Use of internal growth bands for measuring individual and population growth rates in Mytilus edulis from offshore production platforms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 66:259–265
Sainsbury KJ (1982) Population dynamics and fishery management of paua, Haliotis iris. 1. Population structure, growth, reproduction, and mortality. N Z J Mar Freshw Res 16:147–161
Sakai S (1960) On the formation of the annual ring on the shell of the abalone, Haliotis discus var. hannoi Ino. Tohoku J Agric Res 11:239–244
Schnute J (1981) A versatile growth model with statistically stable parameters. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 38:1128–1140
Shepherd SA, Hearn WS (1983) Studies on Southern Australian Abalone (Genus Haliotis). IV. Growth of H. laevigata and H. rubra. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 34:461–475
Shepherd SA, Guzman del Proo SA, Turrubiates J, Belmar J, Baker JL, Addessi L, Sluczanowski PR (1991) Growth, size at sexual maturity, and egg-per-recruit analysis of the abalone Haliotis fulgens in Baja California. Veliger 34:324–330
Shepherd SA, Al-Wahaibi D, Al-Azri AR (1995) Shell growth checks and growth of the Omani abalone Haliotis mariae. Mar Freshw Res 46:575–582
Siddeek MSM, Johnson DW (1997) Growth parameter estimates for Omani abalone (Haliotis mariae, Wood 1828) using length frequency data. Fish Res 31:169–188
Tarbath D (1999) Estimates of growth and natural mortality of the blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) in Tasmania. Tasman Aqua Fish Inst Tech Rep 3:i–41
Tarbath D, Hodgson K, Karlov T, Haddon M (2000) Tasmanian abalone fishery. Tasman Aqua Fish Inst Tech Rep i–103
Tarr RJQ (1993) Stock assessment, and aspects of the biology of South African abalone, Haliotis midae. MSc thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Tarr RJQ (1995) Growth and movement of the South African abalone, Haliotis midae: a reassessment. Mar Freshw Res 46:583–590
Thompson JB, Paloczi GT, Kindt JH, Michenfelder M, Smith BL, Stucky G, Morse DE, Hansma PK (2000) Direct observation of the transition from calcite to aragonite growth as induced by abalone shell proteins. Biophys J 79:3307–3312
Turrubiates-Morales JR, Castro Oritz JL (1992) Growth of Haliotis fulgens in Bahia Tortugas, Bahia California Sur, Mexico. Fish Res Pap Dep Fish (S Aust) 24:10–15
Tutschulte TC, Connell JH (1988) Growth of three species of abalones (Haliotis) in Southern California. Veliger 31:204–213
Vakorina TI, Klyshko EV, Monastymaya MM, Kozlovskaya EP (2005) Conformational stability and hemolytic activity of actinoporin RTX-SII from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus. Biochemistry (Mosc) 70:790–798
Whitfield AK (1994) An estuary-association classification for the fishes of southern Africa. S Afr J Sci 90:411–417
Wood AD (1993) Aspects of the biology and ecology of the South African abalone Haliotis midae Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) along the Eastern Cape and Ciskei coast. MSc thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
Wood AD, Buxton CD (1996) Aspects of the biology of the abalone Haliotis midae (Linne, 1758) on the east coast of South Africa. 2. Reproduction. S Afr J Mar Sci 17:69–78
Acknowledgments
Many thanks to J. Hepple (Geology Department, Rhodes University) for the use of the cut-off saw, A. Booth for advice on deriving growth curves, L. Norton and P. Vorwerk for their assistance in the field, S. Raemakers and B. Godfrey for collecting shells in the Transkei, the National Ports Authority of South Africa, and the National Research Foundation for providing funding for this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by C.L. Griffiths.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Proudfoot, LA., Kaehler, S. & McQuaid, C.D. Using growth band autofluorescence to investigate large-scale variation in growth of the abalone Haliotis midae . Mar Biol 153, 789–796 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0848-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0848-0