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A morphological approach for relating decapod crustacean cephalothorax shape with distribution in the water column

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Abstract

Cephalothorax profiles for individuals of 18 decapod crustacean species were obtained from pictures of specimens captured using various experimental bottom trawls in the Mediterranean basin, at depths ranging from 200 to 4000 m in 2000 and 2002. Profiles were compared using the shape (outline) of the entire cephalothorax (including and excluding the rostrum). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the profiles, rostrum included, yielded two large species groupings related to rostrum size, species having a long rostrum being clustered on the positive portion of the first axis and species having a short rostrum being clustered on the negative portion of this same axis (the F1 axis explained 72.17% of the total variance). The PCA separated pelagic and endobenthic animals (with short rostrums) from nektobenthic animals (with long rostrums). Only the two deepest-dwelling species (dwelling at depths below 2000 m) were distanced from their respective groups. The pelagic shrimp Acanthephyra pelagica was clearly grouped with the nektobenthic species despite being reported to have a pelagic habitat. The nektobenthic deep-sea species Nematocarcinus exilis has a relatively medium-size rostrum and was placed among the pelagic–endobenthic species. The endobenthic and pelagic groups remained stable even when rostral morphometrics were excluded from the PCA analysis. The hypothesis that predation and diet are the fundamental determining factors for all habitats throughout most of the lifetimes of individuals and hence that species will evolve specialised phenotypes to adapt to local environmental conditions is considered in the discussion.

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Acknowledgements

The individuals used in this study were sampled during the “DESEAS” oceanographic cruise (EC study contract 2000/39, 2001), with financial support provided by the Directorate for Fisheries of the European Commission. The authors also wish to thank Dr. J. Dantart, Dr. A. Bozzano and J.M. Anguita for their assistance in the photograph processing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain

    F. Sardà & J. B. Company

  2. Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica s.n.c., 00133, Rome, Italy

    C. Costa

Authors
  1. F. Sardà
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  2. J. B. Company
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  3. C. Costa
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Correspondence to F. Sardà.

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Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe

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Sardà, F., Company, J.B. & Costa, C. A morphological approach for relating decapod crustacean cephalothorax shape with distribution in the water column. Marine Biology 147, 611–618 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-1576-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-1576-y

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