Abstract
The brackish water mysid Neomysis integer has been proposed as a toxicological test species for the low saline reaches of Western European estuaries and brackish inland water bodies. The embryonic/larval development is a critical time window within the life history of an organism and has high potential to serve as a tool for assessing endocrine-disruptive effects. A protocol is developed to examine the intra-marsupial development of N. integer in vitro, and a morphological description of the embryonic and larval developmental stages was made. Daily survival percentage, percentage survival days, hatching success, total development time, duration of each developmental stage and the size increment of the embryos and larvae were evaluated as potential endpoints, and their response to temperature and salinity was investigated. The survival and hatching success are highly dependent on the salinity conditions, while the development time is strongly affected by temperature. High temperatures (21°C) shorten the development time in comparison with low temperatures (11°C) from 22 to 10 days, but have an opposite effect on survival. Optimal salinity for in vitro embryonic/larval development of N. integer is 14–17. Living in lower or higher salinities thus implies suboptimal conditions for the juvenile recruitment to the population, unless the species can actively regulate the concentration of its marsupial fluid. The developed in vitro technique may be used for testing the effect of both abiotic factors and (endocrine) disrupting chemicals on the intra-marsupial development of N. integer. Survival, hatching success and development time appeared to be adequate endpoints, while size and growth increment of the embryos/larvae seemed to be unsuitable.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arndt EA, Jansen W (1986) Neomysis integer (LEACH) in the chain of boddens south of Darss/Zingst (Western Baltic): ecophysiology and population dynamics. Ophelia Suppl 4:1–15
Berrill M (1969) The embryonic behavior of the mysid shrimp, Mysis relicta. Can J Zool 47:1217–1221
Billinghurst Z, Clare AS, Depledge MH (2001) Effects of 4-n-nonylphenol and 17Beta-oestradiol on early development of the barnacle Elminius modestus. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 257:255–268
Charmantier G, Charmantier-Daures M (1994) Ontogeny of osmoregulation and salinity tolerance in the isopod crustacean, Sphaeroma serratum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 114:93–102
de Kruijf H (1977) De populatiedynamika van Neomysis integer (Leach) in het Bergumermeer (juni 1976 - december 1977). Limnological Institute Nieuwersluis, The Netherlands: 2–3. Cited in: Irvine K, Snook D, Moss B (1995) Life histories of Neomysis integer, and its copepod prey, Eurytemora affinis, in a eutrophic and brackish shallow lake. Hydrobiologia 304:59–76
Depledge MH, Billinghurst Z (1999) Ecological significance of endocrine disruption in marine invertebrates. Mar Poll Bull 39:32–38
Edmunds JSG, McCarthny RA, Ramsdell JS (2000) Permanent and functional male-to-female sex Reversal in d-rR strain medaka (Oryzias latipes) following egg microinjection of o,p′-DDT. Environ Health Perspect 108:219–224
Fernandez M, Pardo LM, Baeza JA (2002) Patterns of oxygen supply in embryo masses of brachyuran crabs throughout development: the effect of oxygen availability and chemical cues in determining female brooding behaviour. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 245:181–190
Fernandez M, Ruiz-Tagle N, Cifuentes S, Portner HO, Arntz W (2003) Oxygen-dependent asynchrony of embryonic development in embryo masses of brachyuran. Mar Biol 142:559–565
Forget-Leray J, Landriau I, Minier C, Leboulenger F (2005) Impact of endocrine toxicants on survival, development, and reproduction of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis (Poppe). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 60:288–294
Ghekiere A, Verslycke T, De Smet L, Van Beeumen J, Janssen CR (2004) Purification and characterization of vitellin from the estuarine mysid Neomysis integer (Crustacea; Mysidacea). Comp Biochem Physiol 138A:427–433
Guillette LJ Jr Guillette EA (1996) Environmental contaminants and reproductive abnormalities in wildlife: implications for public health? Toxicol Ind Health 12:537–550
Greenwood JG, Jones MB, Greenwood J (1989) Salinity effects on brood maturation of the mysid crustacean Mesopodopsis slabberi. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 69:683–694
Hostens K, Mees J (1999) The mysid-feeding guild of demersal fishes in the brackish zone of the Westerschelde estuary. J Fish Biol 55:704–719
Irvine K, Snook D, Moss B (1995) Life histories of Neomysis integer, and its copepod prey, Eurytemora affinis, in a eutrophic and brackish shallow lake. Hydrobiologia 304:59–76
Jones MB (1972) Effects of salinity on the survival of the Jaera albifrons Leach group of species (Crustacea: Isopoda). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 9:231–237
Kast-Hutcheson K, Rider CV, LeBlanc GA (2001) The fungicide propiconazole interferes with embryonic development of the crustacean Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:502–509
Kinne O (1955) Neomysis vulgaris THOMPSON. Eine autökologisch-biologische Studie. Biol Zbl 74:160–202
Kolding S, Fenchel TM (1981) Patterns of reproduction in different populations of five species of the amphipod genus Gammarus. Oikos 37:167–172
Lawrence AJ, Poulter C (1996) The potential role of the estuarine amphipod Gammarus duebeni in sub-lethal ecotoxicology testing. Water Sci Tech 34:93–100
Lawrence AJ, Poulter C (2001) Impact of copper, pentachlorophenol and benzo[a]pyrene on the swimming efficiency and embryogenesis of the amphipod Chaetogammarus marinus. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 223:213–223
Lee CE (1999) Rapid and repeated invasions of fresh water by the copepod Eurytemora affinis. Evolution 53:1423–1434
Maes J, de Brabandere L, Ollevier F, Mees J (2003) The diet and consumption of dominant fish species in the upper Scheldt estuary, Belgium. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 83:603–612
Mann R, Harding JM (2003) Salinity tolerance of larval Rapana venosa: implications for dispersal and establishment of an invading predatory gastropod on the North American Atlantic coast. Biol Bull 204:96–103
Mauchline J (1973) The broods of British Mysidacea (Crustacea). J Mar Biol Ass UK 53:801–817
Mauchline J (1980) The biology of mysids and euphausiids. In: Blaxter JHS, Russell FS, Yonge M (eds) Adv Mar Biol 18. Academic, London, pp 681
McLusky DS, Heard VEJ (1971) Some effects of salinity on the mysid Praunus flexuosus. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 51:709–715
Mees J, Abdulkerim Z, Hamerlynck O (1994) Life history, growth and production of Neomysis integer in the Westerschelde estuary (SW Netherlands). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 109:43–57
Moffat AM (1996) Ecophysiology of mysids (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the River Tamar Estuary. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Plymouth, pp 172
Morritt D, Spicer JI (1996a) The culture of eggs and embryos of amphipod crustaceans: implications for brood pouch physiology. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 76:361–376
Morritt D, Spicer JI (1996b) Developmental ecophysiology of the beachflea Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) (Crustacea: Amphipoda). I. Female control of the embryonic environment. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 207:191–203
Needham AE (1937) Some points in the development of Neomysis vulgaris. Quarterly J Microsc Sci 79:559–588
Nice HE, Morritt D, Crane M, Thorndyke M (2003) Long-term and transgenerational effects of nonylphenol exposure at a key stage in the development of Crassostrea gigas. Possible endocrine disruption? Mar Ecol Prog Ser 256:293–300
Parker M, West B (1979) The natural history of Neomysis integer (Leach) in Lough Furnace, Co. Mayo, a brackish lough in the west of Ireland. Estuar Coast Mar Sci 8:157–167
Ralph RR (1965) Some aspects of the ecology and osmoregulation of Neomysis integer Leach. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Southampton, pp 149. Cited in: Morritt D, Spicer JI (1996b) Developmental ecophysiology of the beachflea Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) (Crustacea: Amphipoda). I. Female control of the embryonic environment. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 207:191–203
Roepke TA, Snyder MJ, Cherr GN (2005) Estradiol and endocrine disrupting compounds adversely affect development of sea urchin embryos at environmentally relevant concentrations. Aquat Toxicol 71:155–173
Santos MM, Hallers-Tjabbes CC, Santos AM, Vieira N (2002) Imposex in Nucella lapillus, a bioindicator for TBT contamination: re-survey along the Portuguese coast to monitor the effectiveness of EU regulation. J Sea Res 48:217–223
Schuchardt B, Busch D, Schirmer M (1989) Zur Populationsdynamik von Neomysis integer (Leach) (Crustacea, Mysidacea) in der Unterweser. Drosera 89:1–10
Smith AH, Klieber M (1950) Size and oxygen consumption of fertilized eggs. J Cell Comp Physiol 35:142–149
Sorbe JC (1980) La macrofaune vagile de l’estuaire de la Gironde. Distribution et migration des especes. Modes de reproduction, regimes alimentaires. Oceanis 6:579–592
Sundelin B, Eriksson AK (1998) Malformations in embryos of the deposit-feeding amphipod Monoporeia affinis in the Baltic Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 171:165–180
Verslycke TA, Fockedey N, McKenney CL Jr, Roast SD, Jones MB, Mees J, Janssen CR (2004) Mysids as potential test organisms for the evaluation of environmental endocrine disruption: a review. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:1219–1234
Vlasblom AG, Bolier G (1971) Tolerance of embryos of Marinogammarus marinus and Orchestia gammarella (Amphipods) to lowered salinities. Neth J Sea Res 5:334–341
Vlasblom AG, Elgershuizen JHBW (1977) Survival and oxygen consumption of Praunus flexuosus and Neomysis integer, and embryonic development of the latter species, in different temperature and chlorinity combinations. Neth J Sea Res 11:305–315
Vorstman AG (1951) A year’s investigation on the life cycle of Neomysis vulgaris Thompson. Verh Int Verein Limnol 11:437–445
Wagner J (1896) Einige Beobachtungen über die embryonale Entwicklung von Neomysis vulgaris var. Baltica Czerniavsky. Trav Soc Imp Nat St Petersbourg, Sect Zool Phys 26:177–221. Cited in: Mauchline J (1980) The biology of mysids and euphausiids. In: Blaxter JHS, Russell FS, Yonge M (eds) Adv Mar Biol 18. Academic Press, London: pp 57
Wehrtmann IS, Lopez GA (2003) Effects of temperature on the embryonic development and hatchling size of Betaeus emarginatus (Decapoda Caridea Alpheidae). J Nat Hist 37:2165–2178
Wittmann KJ (1978) Adoption, replacement, and identification of young in marine Mysidacea (Crustacea). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 32:259–274
Wittmann KJ (1981) On the breeding biology and physiology of marsupial development in mediterranean Leptomysis (Mysidacea: Crustacea) with special reference to the effects of temperature and egg size. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 53:261–279
Wittmann KJ (1984) Ecophysiology of marsupial development and reproduction in Mysidacea (Crustacea). Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 22:393–428
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (OSTC) in the project ENDIS-RISKS (EV/02/22B): Endocrine disruption in the Schelde estuary—distribution, exposure and effects. The experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which the experiments were performed.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fockedey, N., Ghekiere, A., Bruwiere, S. et al. Effect of salinity and temperature on the intra-marsupial development of the brackish water mysid Neomysis integer (Crustacea: Mysidacea). Marine Biology 148, 1339–1356 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0160-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0160-9