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The C-Terminal Intact Forms of Periostin (iPTN) Are Surrogate Markers for Osteolytic Lesions in Experimental Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis

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Abstract

Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein that actively contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we hypothesized that it could be a marker of bone metastasis formation. To address this question, we used two polyclonal antibodies directed against the whole molecule or its C-terminal domain to explore the expression of intact and truncated forms of periostin in the serum and tissues (lung, heart, bone) of wild-type and periostin-deficient mice. In normal bones, periostin was expressed in the periosteum and specific periostin proteolytic fragments were found in bones, but not in soft tissues. In animals bearing osteolytic lesions caused by 4T1 cells, C-terminal intact periostin (iPTN) expression disappeared at the invasive front of skeletal tumors where bone-resorbing osteoclasts were present. In vitro, we found that periostin was a substrate for osteoclast-derived cathepsin K, generating proteolytic fragments that were not recognized by anti-periostin antibodies directed against iPTN. In vivo, using an in-house sandwich immunoassay aimed at detecting iPTN only, we observed a noticeable reduction of serum periostin levels (− 26%; P < 0.002) in animals bearing osteolytic lesions caused by 4T1 cells. On the contrary, this decrease was not observed in women with breast cancer and bone metastases when periostin was measured with a human assay detecting total periostin. Collectively, these data showed that mouse periostin was degraded at the bone metastatic sites, potentially by cathepsin K, and that the specific measurement of iPTN in serum should assist in detecting bone metastasis formation in breast cancer.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ms. Madeleine Lachize and Juliette Cicchini for their technical assistance. We thank Dr. Isabelle Zanella-Cleon and the team of the mass spectrometry platform facility (Protein Science Facility, SFR Biosciences UMS3444/US8) for LC–MS/MS sequencing of periostin proteolytic fragments.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Author notes

  1. Philippe Clézardin and Jean-Charles Rousseau have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM 1033, Pavillon F, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France

    Evelyne Gineyts, Cindy Bertholon, Marjorie Millet, Olivier Borel, Sandra Geraci, Edith Bonnelye, Martine Croset, Roland Chapurlat, Patrick Garnero, Philippe Clézardin & Jean-Charles Rousseau

  2. Univ. Lyon, UFR de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France

    Evelyne Gineyts, Cindy Bertholon, Marjorie Millet, Olivier Borel, Sandra Geraci, Edith Bonnelye, Martine Croset, Roland Chapurlat, Patrick Garnero, Philippe Clézardin & Jean-Charles Rousseau

  3. Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland

    Nicolas Bonnet & Serge Ferrari

  4. Novotec, Lyon, France

    Aurélie Pagnon-Minot & Daniel Hartmann

  5. Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA

    Ali Suhail, Cristina Truica, Nicholas Lamparella, Kim Leitzel & Allan Lipton

  6. UMR CNRS 5510/MATEIS, Lyon, France

    Daniel Hartmann

  7. Rheumatology Department, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

    Olivier Borel & Roland Chapurlat

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  1. Evelyne Gineyts
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Contributions

Study design: JCR and PG. Study conduct: EG and JCR. Data collection: CB, MM, EG, OB, SG, EB, NB, MC, AS, CT, NL, KL. Data analysis: EG, JCR, CB, MM, OB, APM, SG, EB, NB. Data interpretation: EG, JCR, RC, PG, AL, DH, NB, SF and PC. Drafting manuscript: EG, JCR, and PC. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jean-Charles Rousseau.

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Conflict of interest

Evelyne Gineyts, Nicolas Bonnet, Cindy Bertholon, Marjorie Millet, Aurélie Pagnon-Minot, Olivier Borel, Sandra Geraci, Edith Bonnelye, Martine Croset, Ali Suhail, Cristina Truica, Nicholas Lamparella, Kim Leitzel, Daniel Hartmann, Roland Chapurlat, Allan Lipton, Patrick Garnero, Serge Ferrari, Philippe Clézardin, and Jean-Charles Rousseau declare that they have no conflict of interest with the content of this article.

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All patients provided written informed consent. Animal studies were approved by local ethical committees.

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Gineyts, E., Bonnet, N., Bertholon, C. et al. The C-Terminal Intact Forms of Periostin (iPTN) Are Surrogate Markers for Osteolytic Lesions in Experimental Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Calcif Tissue Int 103, 567–580 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-018-0444-y

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