Skip to main content
Log in

Spinning Q-Balls for the Klein-Gordon-Maxwell Equations

  • Published:
Communications in Mathematical Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The nonlinear Klein-Gordon-Maxwell equations provide models for the interaction between the electromagnetic field and matter. We assume that the nonlinear term W is positive and W(0) = 0. This fact makes the theory more suitable for physical models (for example models in supersymmetry theory and in cosmology; see e.g. [16, 22, 28] and their references).

A three dimensional vortex is a finite energy, stationary solution of the Klein-Gordon-Maxwell equations such that the matter field has nontrivial angular momentum and the magnetic field looks like the field created by a finite solenoid. Under suitable assumptions, we prove the existence of three dimensional vortex-solutions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abrikosov A.A.: On the magnetic properties of superconductors of the second group. Sov. Phys. JETP 5, 1174–1182 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anagnostopoulos, K.N., Axenides, M., Floratos, E.G., Tetradis, N.: Large gauged Q-Balls. Phys. Rev. D64 (2001)

  3. Badiale, M., Benci, V., Rolando, S.: Three dimensional vortices in the nonlinear wave equation. Boll. Unione Mat. Ital., Ser. IX, in press

  4. Bellazzini, J., Benci, V., Bonanno, C., Sinibaldi, E.: Hylomorphic solitons in the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. http://arxiv.org/abs/0810.5079v1[math.Ap] , 2008

  5. Bellazzini, J., Bonanno, C.: Nonlinear Schrödinger equations with strongly singular potentials. http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3301v1[math-ph] , 2009

  6. Benci V.: Hylomorphic solitons. Milan J. Math. 77, 271–332 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Benci V., Fortunato D.: Solitary waves of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon field equation coupled with the Maxwell equations. Rev. Math. Phys. 14, 409–420 (2002)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Benci V., Fortunato D.: Solitary waves in Abelian gauge theories. Adv. Nonlinear Stud. 3, 327–352 (2008)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Benci V., Fortunato D.: Solitary waves in the nolinear wave equation and in Gauge theories. J. Fixed Point Th and Appl. 1(1), 61–86 (2007)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Benci V., Fortunato D.: Existence of 3D-vortices in abelian Gauge theories. Med. J. Math. 3, 409–418 (2006)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Benci V., Fortunato D.: Three dimensional vortices in abelian Gauge theories. Nonlinear Analysis 70, 4402–4421 (2009)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Benci V., Fortunato D.: Existence of hylomorphic solitary waves in Klein-Gordon and in Klein-Gordon-Maxwell equations. Rend. Accad. Naz. Lincei, Mat. Appl. 20, 243–279 (2009)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Benci V., Visciglia N.: Solitary waves with non vanishing angular momentum. Adv. Nonlinear Stud. 3, 151–160 (2003)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Berestycki H., Lions P.L.: Nonlinear scalar field equations, I - Existence of a ground state. Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 82, 313–345 (1983)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Cassani D.: Existence and non-existence of solitary waves for the critical Klein-Gordon equation coupled with Maxwell’s equations. Nonlinear Anal. 58, 733–747 (2004)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Campanelli L., Ruggieri M.: Spinning supersymmetric Q balls. Phys. Rev. D 80, 036006 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Coleman S., Glaser V., Martin A.: Action minima among solutions to a class of Euclidean Scalar field equation. Commun. Math. Phys. 58, 211–221 (1978)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Coleman, S.: Q-Balls. Nucl. Phys. B262, 263–283 (1985); erratum: B269, 744–745 (1986)

  19. D’Aprile T., Mugnai D.: Solitary waves for nonlinear Klein-Gordon-Maxwell and Schrödinger -Maxwell equations. Proc. of Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, Sect. A Math. 134, 893–906 (2004)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. D’Aprile T., Mugnai D.: Non-existence results for the coupled Klein-Gordon- Maxwell equations. Adv. Nonlinear Stud. 4, 307–322 (2004)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. D’Avenia P., Pisani L.: Nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations coupled with Born-Infeld equations. Electronics J. Diff. Eqs. 26, 1–13 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Enqvist K., McDonald J.: Q-Balls and Baryogenesis in the MSSM. Phys. Lett. B 425, 309–321 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Esteban M., Lions P.L.: A compactness lemma. Nonlinear Anal. 7, 381–385 (1983)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Felsager, B.: Geometry, Particles and Fields. Odense: Odense University Press, 1981

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Gelfand, I.M., Fomin, S.V.: Calculus of Variations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963

  26. Kim C., Kim S., Kim Y.: Global nontopological vortices. Phys. Rev. D 47, 5434–5443 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lee K., Stein-Schabes J.A., Watkins R., Widrow L.M.: Gauged Q balls. Phys. Rev. D 39, 1665–1673 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kusenko A., Shaposhnikov M.: Supersymmetric Q-balls as dark matter. Phys. Lett. B 418, 46–54 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Landau, L., Lifchitz, E.: Théorie du Champ. Moscow: Editions Mir, 1966

  30. Nielsen H., Olesen P.: Vortex-line models for dual strings. Nucl. Phys. B 61, 45–61 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rajaraman, R.: Solitons and Instantons. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1989

  32. Rosen G.: Particlelike solutions to nonlinear complex scalar field theories with positive-definite energy densities. J. Math. Phys. 9, 996–998 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rubakov, V.: Classical Theory of Gauge Fields. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Strauss W.A.: Existence of solitary waves in higher dimensions. Commun. Math. Phys. 55, 149–162 (1977)

    Article  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Struwe, M.: Variational Methods, Applications to Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations and Hamiltonian Systems. NewYork-Berlin: Springer, 1996

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Vilenkin, A., Shellard, E.P.S.: Cosmic Strings and other Topological Defects. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press, 1994

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Volkov, M.S., Wöhnert, E.: Spinning Q-balls. Phys. Rev. D 66, 085003 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Yang, Y.: Solitons in Field Theory and Nonlinear Analysis. NewYork-Berlin: Springer, 2000

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Donato Fortunato.

Additional information

Communicated by G. Gallavotti

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Benci, V., Fortunato, D. Spinning Q-Balls for the Klein-Gordon-Maxwell Equations. Commun. Math. Phys. 295, 639–668 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-010-0985-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-010-0985-z

Keywords

Navigation