Abstract
We investigate Yang–Mills instanton theory over four dimensional asymptotically locally flat (ALF) geometries, including gravitational instantons of this type, by exploiting the existence of a natural smooth compactification of these spaces introduced by Hausel–Hunsicker–Mazzeo. First referring to the codimension 2 singularity removal theorem of Sibner–Sibner and Råde we prove that given a smooth, finite energy, self-dual SU(2) connection over a complete ALF space, its energy is congruent to a Chern–Simons invariant of the boundary three-manifold if the connection satisfies a certain holonomy condition at infinity and its curvature decays rapidly. Then we introduce framed moduli spaces of self-dual connections over Ricci flat ALF spaces. We prove that the moduli space of smooth, irreducible, rapidly decaying self-dual connections obeying the holonomy condition with fixed finite energy and prescribed asymptotic behaviour on a fixed bundle is a finite dimensional manifold. We calculate its dimension by a variant of the Gromov–Lawson relative index theorem. As an application, we study Yang–Mills instantons over the flat \({\mathbb{R}}^3 \times S^1\) , the multi-Taub–NUT family, and the Riemannian Schwarzschild space.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aliev A.N. and Saclioglu C. (2006). Self-dual fields harbored by a Kerr–Taub-BOLT instanton. Phys. Lett. B632: 725–727
Atiyah M.F., Hitchin N.J. and Singer I.M. (1978). Self-duality in four dimensional Riemannian geometry. Proc. Roy. Soc. London A362: 425–461
Auckly D.R. (1994). Topological methods to compute Chern–Simons invariants. Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 115: 229–251
Bruckmann F. and van Baal P. (2002). Multi-caloron solutions. Nucl. Phys. B645: 105–133
Bruckmann F., Nógrádi D. and van Baal P. (2004). Higher charge calorons with non-trivial holonomy. Nucl. Phys. B698: 233–254
Charap J.M. and Duff M.J. (1977). Space-time topology and a new class of Yang-Mills instanton. Phys. Lett. B71: 219–221
Cherkis, S.A.: Self-dual gravitational instantons. Talk given at the AIM-ARCC workshop “L 2 cohomology in geometry and physics”, Palo Alto, USA, March 16–21, 2004
Cherkis S.A. and Hitchin N.J. (2005). Gravitational instantons of type D k . Commun. Math. Phys. 260: 299–317
Cherkis S.A. and Kapustin A. (2002). Hyper-Kähler metrics from periodic monopoles. Phys. Rev. D65: 084015
Cherkis S.A. and Kapustin A. (1999). D k gravitational instantons and Nahm equations. Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2: 1287–1306
Chern S. and Simons J. (1974). Characteristic forms and geometric invariants. Ann. Math. 99: 48–69
Derek H. (2007). Large scale and large period limits of symmetric calorons. J. Math. Phys. 48: 082905
Dodziuk J. (1981). Vanishing theorems for square-integrable harmonic forms. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Math. Sci. 90: 21–27
Eguchi T., Gilkey P.B. and Hanson A.J. (1980). Gravity, gauge theories and differential geometry. Phys. Rep. 66: 213–393
Etesi G. (2006). The topology of asymptotically locally flat gravitational instantons. Phys. Lett. B641: 461–465
Etesi G. and Hausel T. (2001). Geometric interpretation of Schwarzschild instantons. J. Geom. Phys. 37: 126–136
Etesi G. and Hausel T. (2001). Geometric construction of new Yang–Mills instantons over Taub–NUT space. Phys. Lett. B514: 189–199
Etesi G. and Hausel T. (2003). On Yang–Mills instantons over multi-centered gravitational instantons. Commun. Math. Phys. 235: 275–288
Gibbons G.W. and Hawking S.W. (1976). Gravitational multi-instantons. Phys. Lett. B78: 430–432
Gromov M. and Lawson H.B. Jr (1983). Positive scalar curvature and the Dirac operator on complete Riemannian manifolds. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. 58: 83–196
Hausel T., Hunsicker E. and Mazzeo R. (2004). Hodge cohomology of gravitational instantons. Duke Math. J. 122: 485–548
Hawking S.W. (1977). Gravitational instantons. Phys. Lett. A60: 81–83
Jardim, M.: Nahm transform of doubly periodic instantons. PhD Thesis, University of Oxford, 110 pp, http://arXiv.org/list/math.DG/9912028, 1999
Jardim M. (2002). Nahm transform and spectral curves for doubly-periodic instantons. Commun. Math. Phys. 225: 639–668
Kirk P. and Klassen E. (1990). Chern–Simons invariants and representation spaces of knot groups. Math. Ann. 287: 343–367
Kronheimer P.B. (1989). The construction of ALE spaces as hyper-Kähler quotients. J. Diff. Geom. 29: 665–683
Kronheimer P.B. and Nakajima N. (1990). Yang–Mills instantons on ALE gravitational instantons. Math. Ann. 288: 263–307
Morgan, J.W., Mrowka, T., Ruberman, D.: The L 2 moduli space and a vanishing theorem for Donaldson polynomial invariants. Monographs in geometry and topology, Volume II, Cambridge, MA: Int. Press, 1994
Nakajima H. (1990). Moduli spaces of anti-self-dual connections on ALE gravitational instantons. Invent. Math. 102: 267–303
Nye, T.M.W.: The geometry of calorons. PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 147 pp, http://arXiv.org/list/hep-th/0311215, 2001
Parker T. and Taubes C.H. (1982). On Witten’s proof of the positive energy theorem. Commun. Math. Phys. 84: 223–238
Råde J. (1994). Singular Yang–Mills fields. Local theory II. J. Reine Angew. Math. 456: 197–219
Sibner L.M. and Sibner R.J. (1992). Classification of singular Sobolev connections by their holonomy. Commun. Math. Phys. 144: 337–350
Tekin B. (2002). Yang-Mills solutions on Euclidean Schwarzschild space. Phys. Rev. D65: 084035
Wehrheim K. (2006). Energy identity for anti-self-dual instantons on \({\mathbb{C}} \times \Sigma\). Math. Res. Lett. 13: 161–166
Yau S-T. (1975). Harmonic functions on complete Riemannian manifolds. Commun. Pure. Appl. Math. 28: 201–228
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by G.W. Gibbons
An erratum to this article can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-009-0797-1.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Etesi, G., Jardim, M. Moduli Spaces of Self-Dual Connections over Asymptotically Locally Flat Gravitational Instantons. Commun. Math. Phys. 280, 285–313 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-008-0466-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-008-0466-9