Abstract
In this paper, we obtain lower bounds for the Brown-York quasilocal mass and the Bartnik quasilocal mass for compact three manifolds with smooth boundaries. As a consequence, we derive sufficient conditions for the existence of horizons for a certain class of compact manifolds with boundary and some asymptotically flat complete manifolds. The method is based on analyzing Hawking mass and inverse mean curvature flow.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bartnik R. (1989). New definition of quasilocal mass. Phys. Rev. Lett. 62: 2346–2348
Bartnik, R.: Energy in general relativity. Tsing Hua lectures on geometry and analysis (Hsinchu, 1990–1991), Cambridge, MA: Internat. Press 1997, pp. 5–27
Bartnik, R.: Mass and 3-metrics of non-negative scalar curvature. In: Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, Vol. II (Beijing, 2002), Beijing: Higher Ed. Press 2002, pp. 231–240
Bray H.L. (2001). Proof of the Riemannian Penrose inequality using the positive mass theorem. J. Differ. Geom. 59: 177–267
Beig R.Ó. and Murchadha N. (1991). Trapped surfaces due to concentration of gravitational radiation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 66: 2421–2424
Brown, J.D., York, J.W.: Quasilocal energy in general relativity in Mathematical aspects of classical field theory (Seattle, WA, 1991), Contemp. Math. 132, Providence, RI: Amer. Math. Soc., 1992, pp. 129–142
Brown J.D. and York J.W. (1993). Quasilocal energy and conserved charges derived from the gravitational action. Phys. Rev. D (3) 47(4): 1407–1419
Christodoulou, D., Yau, S.T.: Some remarks on quasi-local mass. In: Contemporary Mathematics 71, Mathematics and General Relativity, J. Isenberg, ed. Providence RI: Amer. Math. Soc., 1988, pp. 9–14
Corvino J. and Schoen R.M. (2006). On the asymptotics for the vacuum Einstein constraint equations. J. Differ. Geom. 73: 185–217
Flanagan E. (1991). Hoop conjecture for black-hole horizon formation. Phys. Rev. D 44: 2409
Galloway G.J. (1993). On the topology of black holes. Commun. Math. Phys. 151: 53–66
Giusti, E.: Minimal surfaces and functions of bounded variation. Notes on pure mathematics 10, Canberra: Department of Pure Mathematics, 1977
Hirsch M.W. (1976). Differential Topology. Springer-Verlag, New York
Huisken G. and Ilmanen T. (2001). The inverse mean curvature flow and the Riemannian Penrose inequality. J. Differ. Geom. 59: 353–437
Klingenberg W. (1978). A course in differential geometry. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Vol. 51.. Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg
Meeks W.H., Simon L. and Yau S.-T. (1982). Embedded minimal surfaces, exotic spheres, and manifolds with positive Ricci curvature. Ann. of Math. 116: 621–659
Meeks W.H. and Yau S.-T. (1980). Topology of three-dimensional manifolds and the embedding problems in minimal surface theory. Ann. of Math. 112: 441–484
Miao P. (2002). Positive mass theorem on manifolds admitting corners along a hypersurface. Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 6(6): 1163–1182
Miao P. (2004). Asymptotically flat and scalar flat metrics on \({\mathbb{R}}^3\) admitting a horizon. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 132: 217–222 (electronic)
Miao P. (2005). A remark on boundary effects in static vacuum initial data sets. Classical Quantum Gravity 22(11): L53–L59
Nirenberg L. (1953). The Weyl and Minkowski problems in differential geometry in the large. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 6: 337–394
Schoen R. and Yau S.-T. (1993). The existence of a black hole due to condensation of matter. Commun. Math. Phys. 90: 575–579
Shi Y.-G. and Tam L.-F. (2002). Positive mass theorem and the boundary behaviors of compact manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature. J. Differ. Geom. 62: 79–125
Spivak, M.: A Comprehensive introduction to differential geometry. v. 3, Berkeley, CA: Publish or Perish, 1970–75
Willmore T.J. (1982). Total curvature in Riemannian geometry. E. Horwood, Chichester
Yau, S.-T.: Geometry of three manifolds and existence of black hole due to boundary effect. Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 5(2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by G.W. Gibbons
Research Partially Supported by 973 Program (2006CB805905) and Fok YingTong Education Foundation.
Research partially supported by Earmarked Grant of Hong Kong #CUHK403005.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shi, Y., Tam, LF. Quasi-Local Mass and the Existence of Horizons. Commun. Math. Phys. 274, 277–295 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-007-0273-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-007-0273-8