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Tocotrienol levels in sieving fraction extracts of brewer’s spent grain

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Abstract

Dried brewer’s spent grain (DBSG) is rich in tocotrienols (T3) and tocopherols (T) and can be used to produce a valuable oil with the serum cholesterol–lowering functions of lipid-soluble T3. The economic feasibility of extracting oil from DBSG (fat: 3.9–10.6% dry weight, dw) increases with increasing fat content of the feedstock. The objective of this research was to determine whether DBSG can be separated into fractions enriched in fat and T3 by milling and sieving and to characterize the fractions from sieves of different mesh sizes: 500, 800, 850, and 1,000 μm. Six different charges of DBSG were milled and sieved with different techniques ranging in scale from laboratory to industrial. The oil yield of DBSG sieving fractions >500 μm was consistently low (6.6–12.67% dw after Soxhlet extraction with 96% ethanol), as were the levels of T (77.4–185.6 mg/kg of extracted oil), T3 (181.9–538.8 mg/kg of extracted oil), and protein (14.38–25.73% dw). In contrast, oil yields of DBSG sieving fractions <500 μm were higher (12.98–18.09% dw after Soxhlet extraction with 96% ethanol), as were the concentrations of T (188.6–318.0 mg/kg of extracted oil), T3 (516.8–850.2 mg/kg of extracted oil), and protein (26.05–33.30% dw). Furthermore, oil yields were lower (8.24–12.39% dw) after Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane. Milled DBSG sieving fractions <500 μm thus appear to be a suitable feedstock for economical extraction of T3-rich oil and may be useful in developing markets for value-added brewing by-products.

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Abbreviations

BSG:

Brewer’s spent grain

DBSG:

Dried BSG

T3:

Tocotrienols

α-, β-, γ-, or δ-T3:

α-, β-, γ-, or δ-tocotrienol

T:

Tocopherols

α-, β-, γ-, or δ-T:

α-, β-, γ-, or δ-tocopherol

dw:

Dry weight

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Acknowledgments

This work is part of the “Food Network” project funded by the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony (Germany) via the Research Association of Agricultural and Nutritional Science of Lower Saxony (Forschungsverbund Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften Niedersachsen (FAEN)). The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge Leiber GmbH (Bramsche, Germany), the Max Rubner-Institute Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals (Detmold, Germany), Greenfox Produktions GmbH (Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany), and Davos Life Science (Singapore) for their support.

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  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173, Hannover, Germany

    Christoph Bohnsack, Waldemar Ternes, Anne Büsing & Astrid M. Drotleff

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  1. Christoph Bohnsack
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  2. Waldemar Ternes
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Correspondence to Astrid M. Drotleff.

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Bohnsack, C., Ternes, W., Büsing, A. et al. Tocotrienol levels in sieving fraction extracts of brewer’s spent grain. Eur Food Res Technol 232, 563–573 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-010-1419-z

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