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Highly sensitive immunodiagnostics at the point of care employing alternative recognition elements and smartphones: hype, trend, or revolution?

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Abstract

Immunodiagnostic tests performed at the point of care (POC) today usually employ antibodies for biorecognition and are read out either visually or with specialized equipment. Availability of alternative biorecognition elements with promising features as well as smartphone-based approaches for signal readout, however, challenge the described established configuration in terms of analytical performance and practicability. Assessing these developments’ clinical relevance and their impact on POC immunodiagnostics is demanding. The first part of this review will therefore give an overview on suitable diagnostic biosensors based on alternative recognition elements (such as nucleic acid-based aptamers or engineered binding proteins) and exemplify advantages and drawbacks of these biomolecules on the base of selected assays. The second part of the review then focuses on smartphone-connected diagnostics and discusses the indispensable considerations required for successful future clinical POCT implementation. Together, the joint depiction of two of the most innovative and exciting developments in the field will enable the reader to cast a glance into the distant future of POC immunodiagnostics.

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Abbreviations

Ab:

Antibody

CBP:

Calcium-binding protein

CLIP:

Combinatorial library of improved peptide

DARPins:

Designed ankyrin repeat proteins

IVD:

In vitro diagnostics

LFA:

Lateral flow immunoassays

LFD:

Lateral flow device

MW:

Molecular weight

MIP:

Molecular imprinted polymer

SAW:

Surface acoustic wave

SELEX:

Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

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Funding

This work was financially supported in part by the European Commission (NANODEM, #318372) and the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Q-Flow, #13N13867; and KAREL, #13GW0154D).

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  1. Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany

    Markus Thaler & Peter B. Luppa

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Published in the topical collection New Developments in Biosensors with guest editors Francesco Baldini and Maria Minunni.

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Thaler, M., Luppa, P.B. Highly sensitive immunodiagnostics at the point of care employing alternative recognition elements and smartphones: hype, trend, or revolution?. Anal Bioanal Chem 411, 7623–7635 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01974-0

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