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Selective extraction of gallic acid in pomegranate rind using surface imprinting polymers over magnetic carbon nanotubes

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Abstract

A novel surface imprinting polymer based on magnetic carbon nanotubes was prepared using dendritic polyethyleneimine as functional monomer to amplify the number of imprinted cavities. The characteristics of resulting polymers were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Results suggest that magnetic nanoparticles are deposited onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and the imprinted shell is coated on the surface of magnetic carbon nanotubes with a thickness of approximately 8 nm. Magnetic imprinted polymers are sensitive to magnetic fields and can be easily separated within 3 s using an external magnet. The adsorption results indicate that the obtained imprinted polymers have fast kinetics, an ultrahigh adsorption capacity of 479.9 mg g−1, and satisfactory selectivity towards the template molecule. The prepared materials have excellent stability with no obvious deterioration after six adsorption–regeneration cycles. In addition, a method for determination of gallic acid (GA) in pomegranate rind was developed, using a combination of the prepared polymers used as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for rapid isolation and determination of GA. The limit of detection of the proposed method is 0.001 μg mL−1, and the intra and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) are lower than 3.8 % and 5.3 %, respectively. The recoveries of GA from pomegranate rind extract are in the range 98.2–103.6 % with RSDs lower than 4.3 %.

Selective and rapid extraction of gallic acid in pomegranate rind

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21305107), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. xjj2013041, 08142034), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2014M562388).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Analytical Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Yi Hao, Ruixia Gao & Yuhai Tang

  2. School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, China

    Yi Hao, Yuhai Tang & Zengjun Guo

  3. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, China

    Dechun Liu

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  1. Yi Hao
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  2. Ruixia Gao
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  4. Yuhai Tang
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  5. Zengjun Guo
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Correspondence to Ruixia Gao or Zengjun Guo.

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Hao, Y., Gao, R., Liu, D. et al. Selective extraction of gallic acid in pomegranate rind using surface imprinting polymers over magnetic carbon nanotubes. Anal Bioanal Chem 407, 7681–7690 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8930-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8930-9

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