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The novel ovatoxin-g and isobaric palytoxin (so far referred to as putative palytoxin) from Ostreopsis cf. ovata (NW Mediterranean Sea): structural insights by LC-high resolution MSn

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Abstract

Blooms of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata are a concern in the Mediterranean Sea, since this species produces a wide range of palytoxin-like compounds listed among the most potent marine toxins. This study focused on two analogs of palytoxin found in cultures of six strains of O. cf. ovata isolated from the south of Catalonia (NW Mediterranean Sea). In addition to some already known ovatoxins, our strains produced two minor compounds, ovatoxin-g and the so far called putative palytoxin, whose structures had not been elucidated before. Insufficient quantity of these compounds impeded a full nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based structural elucidation; thus, we studied their structure in crude algal extracts through liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometryn (LC-ESI-HRMSn) in positive ion mode. Under the used MS conditions, the molecules underwent fragmentation at many sites of their backbone and a large number of diagnostic fragment ions were identified. As a result, tentative structures were assigned to both ovatoxin-g and the putative palytoxin, the latter being identified as a palytoxin isomer and re-named as  isobaric palytoxin.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been funded by the “ECsafeSEAFOOD: Priority environmental contaminants in seafood: safety assessment, impact and public perception” EU-funded project, Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), KBBE.2012.2.4-01: Contaminants in seafood and their impact on public health (The Ocean of Tomorrow). Grant agreement no. 311820. 2013–2016. This research was carried out in the frame of Programme STAR Linea 1, financially supported by UniNA and Compagnia di San Paolo. María García-Altares acknowledges the pre-doctoral FPI-INIA no. 27 (2010) scholarship.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRTA, Seguiment del Medi Marí, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain

    María García-Altares, Olga Carnicer, Pablo de la Iglesia & Jorge Diogène

  2. Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy

    Luciana Tartaglione, Carmela Dell’Aversano, Martino Forino & Patrizia Ciminiello

Authors
  1. María García-Altares
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  2. Luciana Tartaglione
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  3. Carmela Dell’Aversano
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  4. Olga Carnicer
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  5. Pablo de la Iglesia
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  6. Martino Forino
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  7. Jorge Diogène
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  8. Patrizia Ciminiello
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carmela Dell’Aversano.

Additional information

María García-Altares and Luciana Tartaglione contributed equally to this work.

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García-Altares, M., Tartaglione, L., Dell’Aversano, C. et al. The novel ovatoxin-g and isobaric palytoxin (so far referred to as putative palytoxin) from Ostreopsis cf. ovata (NW Mediterranean Sea): structural insights by LC-high resolution MSn . Anal Bioanal Chem 407, 1191–1204 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8338-y

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