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Certain investigations on fault analysis in a smart grid system using S-transform and their fault ride through using solid-state fault current limiter

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Abstract

This paper investigates certain fault analysis such as fault detection, identification and classification and their fault ride through (FRT) technique in a smart grid (SG) system using Stockwell transform (ST) and solid-state fault current limiter (SSFCL). ST when applied to symmetrical and asymmetrical faults for the detection and identification in a SG System yields a ST amplitude matrix (STA). The nature of the fault is identified through the features extracted from ST. STA with probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier helps to detect the types of fault through the features extracted from fault signal. The outcome of PNN helps to classify the nature of fault like single-phase, two-phase and three-phase faults individually and with respect to ground fault in a SG system. Also, limiting the fault current ensures the continuous operation and reliability of SG under fault conditions. Further to avoid the disconnection of wind turbine system and solar PV system from the grid and overcome block out issue, SSFCL is employed. It improves the FRT capability of a SG system by controlling the fault current within the specified limit and retains the wind turbine system and solar PV system connected with the grid. The suggested scheme is modeled and the results are verified through the time domain simulation using MATLAB.

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Abbreviations

CWT:

Continuous wavelet transform

DFIG:

Doubly fed induction generator

DVR:

Dynamic voltage restorer

EMD:

Empirical mode decomposition

FFT:

Fast Fourier transform

FCL:

Fault current limiting

FCLID:

Fault current limiting and interrupting devices

FRT:

Fault ride through

FT:

Fourier transform

HHT:

Hilbert–Huang transform

HAS:

Hilbert spectral analysis

IMF:

Intrinsic mode functions

LVRT:

Low-voltage ride through

PNN:

Probabilistic neural network

STFT:

Short time Fourier transform

SG:

Smart grid

SSFCL:

Solid-state fault current limiter

SSCB:

Solid-state circuit breaker

STA:

Stockwell transform amplitude matrix

ST:

Stockwell transform

SCFCL:

Superconducting fault current limiter

TFR:

Time–frequency representation

WT:

Wavelet transform

WECS:

Wind energy conversion system

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Tharankumar Thinakaran

  2. PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Ashok Kumar Loganathan

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  1. Tharankumar Thinakaran
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  2. Ashok Kumar Loganathan
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Correspondence to Tharankumar Thinakaran.

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Thinakaran, T., Loganathan, A.K. Certain investigations on fault analysis in a smart grid system using S-transform and their fault ride through using solid-state fault current limiter. Electr Eng 103, 2127–2145 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01222-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01222-8

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