Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simulation analysis of the switching of \(230\hbox { kV}\) substation shunt capacitor banks with a 6% series reactor for limiting transient inrush currents and oscillation overvoltage

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Electrical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents the simulation and investigation of switching large shunt capacitor banks in a \(230\hbox { kV}\) Thailand substation system. Simulations are performed using PSCAD/EMTDC to determine the peak of the transient inrush currents, the oscillation overvoltage and the frequency of the inrush current. The inrush current is generated by energizing the \(4 \times 72\) Mvar, \(230\hbox { kV}\) shunt capacitor banks. The purpose is to observe and investigate the behaviour of transient inrush currents and oscillation overvoltages to ensure the safe and successful operation of shunt capacitor banks. The methodology of inrush current transient analysis and transient reduction control was studied. The proposed method for controlling system transients during capacitor energization is through the use of a switching shunt capacitor bank with a series 6% reactor. The simulation cases for transient mitigation are numerically conducted for six different cases: a base case, with a pre-insertion resistor, with a pre-insertion inductor, with a current-limiting reactor, with a series 6% reactor and using synchronous closing control. The effects of parameters such as the sizing of the current-limiting reactor, the capacitor bank rating and the short-circuit impedance of the system are investigated. The simulation results demonstrate that the switching shunt capacitor bank with a series 6% reactor is effective in reducing the high transient inrush currents and oscillation overvoltages.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25
Fig. 26
Fig. 27
Fig. 28
Fig. 29
Fig. 30

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. (2010) IEEE guide for application of shunt power capacitors. IEEE Standard 1036-2010

  2. Hooshmand RA, Mohkami H (2011) New optimal placement of capacitors and dispersed generators using bacterial foraging oriented by particle swarm optimization algorithm in distribution systems. Electr Eng 93(1):43–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Injeti SK, Thunuguntla VK, Shareef M (2015) Optimal allocation of capacitor banks in radial distribution systems for minimization of real power loss and maximization of network savings using bio-inspired optimization algorithms. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 69:441–455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sarkar P, Baral A, Das K (Bhatacharya), Syam P (2016) An ant colony system based control of shunt capacitor banks for bulk electricity consumers. Appl Soft Comput 43:520–534. ISSN 1568-4946

  5. Softić M, Tokić A, Uglešić I (2012) 7th Vienna international conference on mathematical modelling measurement, modeling and simulation of capacitor bank switching transients, IFAC proceedings volumes, Volume 45, Issue 2, 2012, pp 1254–1259

  6. Bhargava B, Khan AH, Imece Ali F, DiPietro J (1993) Effectiveness of pre-insertion inductors for mitigating remote overvoltages due to shunt capacitor energization. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 8:1226–1238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Seyedi H, Golabi S, Abam Z (2010) Limitation of transmission line switching overvoltages. In: IEEE international conference on power and energy (PECon), pp 363–368

  8. Peggs JF, Powell PW, Grebe TE (1994) Innovations for protection and control of high voltage capacitor banks on the Virginia power system. In: Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE power engineering society transmission and distribution conference, pp 284–290

  9. Stroica P (2000) Modern methods for synchronous switching of the Romanian power system circuit breakers in 400 kV substation. In: 10th Mediterranean electrotechnical conference, MEleCon 2000, vol 3, pp 949–953

  10. Zhang Q, Yuan H, Liu Y, Wang Q (2010) The operating transient process analysis and synchronous switching strategies research of vacuum breaker. In: Fourth international conference on genetic and evolutionary computing, pp 142–145

  11. Amer AHA (2004) Transient over voltages in electric distribution networks due to switching of capacitor banks steps. In: International conference on electrical, electronic and computer engineering (ICEEC2004), pp 872–875

  12. Das JC (2005) Analysis and control of large-shunt-capacitor-bank switching transients. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 41(6):1444–1451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Blooming TM, Carnovale DJ (2008) Capacitor application issues. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 44(4):1013–1026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Cipeigan L, Chindris M, Rull J, Rusu A, Sumper A, Ramirez R, Alves R (2006) Mitigation of capacitor bank energization harmonic transients. In: IEEE/PES transmission & distribution conference and exposition: Latin America, pp 1–5

  15. Sadeghi M, Babaei E, Rabetian M, Nahalparvari H (2011) Mitigation of capacitor banks switching transients considering injected harmonics. In: Iranian conference on electrical engineering (ICEE), pp 1–5

  16. Shunt Capacitors for A.C. Power Systems Having a Rated Voltage above 1000 V—Part 1: General, IEC Standard 60871-1, (Jul. 2005)

  17. Srithorn P, Khojulklang K, Kulworawanichpong T (2004) Capacitor switching control using a decision table for a 115-kV power transmission system in Thailand. In: Knowledge-based intelligent information and engineering systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3213, pp 1262–1268

  18. Alferov DF, Ahmetgareev MR, Budovskii AI, Evsin DV, Ivanov VP, Dermenzhi PG (2010) Hybrid switch with controlled switching for circuits with capacitor banks. Russ Electr Eng 81(3):152–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Preethi B, Sumangala BV (2014) Voltage stabilization through reactive power injection at secondary terminals of distribution level feeders—using thyristor-switched capacitor. In: Emerging research in electronics, computer science and technology, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 248, Springer India. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1157-0_56

  20. Long X, Liu X, Song D (2016) Analysis of the choice of a serial reactor in a parallel capacitor device. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on electrical engineering and automatic control, Volume 367 of the series Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, pp 385–391

  21. Yin W (2012) Transient analysis and time selection of capacitor switched device of reactive power compensation. In: Electrical, information engineering and mechatronics 2011, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 138, pp 1019–1024. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2467-2_120

  22. Yuan T, Yu Q, Wu Z (2012) Design and implementation of the improved control algorithm for switching capacitor banks. Adv Electr Eng Autom 139:407–413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ghanbari T, Farjah E, Naseri F (2016) Three-phase resistive capacitor switching transient limiter for mitigating power capacitor switching transients. In: IET generation, transmission & distribution, vol 10, pp 142–153. IET. ISSN :1751-8687

  24. Upadhyay C, Chandwani H (2014) Modelling of switching effects & its mitigation techniques on MV—capacitor bank with VCB. In: Power and energy systems conference: towards sustainable energy (pp 1–5). IEEE

  25. Taherzadeh M, Rostaminia R, Joorabian M, Saniei M (2013) Mitigation of capacitor bank switching transients by using SVCs in large plants instead of capacitor bank and circuit breaker. In: Power electronics, drive systems and technologies conference (PEDSTC), 2013 4th (pp 321–327). IEEE

  26. Ghanbari T, Farjah E, Zandnia A (2013) Solid-state transient limiter for capacitor bank switching transients. In: IET generation, transmission & distribution, vol 7, pp 1272–1277. IET

  27. Tseng S-T, Chen J-F (2010) A novel method for mitigating the capacitor switching-on transients. In: Universities power engineering conference (AUPEC), 2010 20th Australasian (pp 1–5). IEEE

  28. Athanasiadis N (2002) A new technique for a static var compensator using the EMTP modeling environment. Electr Eng 84:85–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ozdemir A (2006) A reactive power control relay design with a new approach. Electr Eng 88:133–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Karaki SH, Kayssi AI, Karaki HS (2005) Capacitor placement for switching noise reduction using genetic algorithms and distributed computing. Electr Eng 2005(87):11–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kamarposhti MA, Lesani H (2011) Effects of STATCOM, TCSC, SSSC and UPFC on static voltage stability. Electr Eng 2011(93):33–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Karpagam N, Devaraj D, Subbaraj P (2010) Improved fuzzy logic controller for SVC in power system damping using global signals. Electr Eng 2010(91):395–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Zdravković Z, Vukelja P, Mrvic J (2006) Insulation co-ordination for continuous operating voltages and temporary overvoltages. Electr Eng 2006(88):441–446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Ketabi A, Sadeghkhani I, Feuillet R (2013) Network switching and voltage evaluation during power system restoration. Electr Eng 2013(95):241–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Han B-M, Kim H-J, Baek S-T (2004) New soft-switching current source converter for photovoltaic power system. Electr Eng 2004(86):285–291

  36. Batura R, Opydo W (2005) Overvoltages caused by switching unloaded cable lines by a vacuum switch. Electr Eng 2005(87):181–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Gitizadeh M, Khalilnezhad H, Hedayatzadeh R (2013) TCSC allocation in power systems considering switching loss using MOABC algorithm. Electr Eng 2013(95):73–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Rahmani R, Othman MF, Shojaei AA, Yusof R (2014) Static VAR compensator using recurrent neural network. Electr Eng 2014(96):109–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Asadi M, Jalilian A (2013) Using an active resistive damper in hybrid active power filter to avoid resonance over-voltage. Electr Eng 2013(95):301–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Menti A, Zacharias T, Milias-Argitis J (2009) Optimal sizing and limitations of passive filters in the presence of background harmonic distortion. Electr Eng 2009(91):89–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Gitizadeh M, Kalantar M (2009) Genetic algorithm-based fuzzy multi-objective approach to congestion management using FACTS devices. Electr Eng 2009(90):539–549

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. Aredes M, Portela C, van Emmerik EL, da Silva Dias RF (2004) Static series compensators applied to very long distance transmission lines. Electr Eng 86:69–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. (2005) IEEE application guide for capacitance current switching for AC high-voltage circuit breaker. IEEE Standard C37.012-2005

  44. (2006) IEEE guide for the protection of shunt capacitor banks. IEEE Standard C37.99-2000 (R2006)

  45. (2010) Switching and transmission line diagram. Electricity generation authorization Thailand (EGAT)

  46. Beanland M, Speas T, Rostron J (2004) Pre-insertion resistors in high voltage capacitor bank switching. In: Western protective relay conference (pp 1–12)

  47. Iizarry-Silvestrini MF, Vélez-Sepúlveda TE (2006) Mitigation of back-to-back capacitor switching transients on distribution circuits. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Puerto Rico

  48. Bellei TA, O’Leary RP, Camm EH (1996) Evaluating capacitor-switching devices for preventing nuisance tripping of adjustable-speed drives due to voltage magnification. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 11(3):1373–1378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. (1997) Industrial A.C. networks affected by harmonics—application of filters and shunt capacitors. IEC Standard 61642

  50. Alexander RW (1985) Synchronous closing control for shunt capacitors. IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst PAS–104(9):2619–2626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Faria da Silva F, Bak CL, Guomundsdóttir US, Wiechowski W, Knardrupgård MR (2009) Use of a pre-insertion resistor to minimize zero-missing phenomenon and switching overvoltages. In: IEEE power & energy society general meeting (PES’ 09), pp 1–7

  52. Manitoba HVDC Research Centre (2003) EMTDC: transient analysis for PSCAD power system simulation. Manitoba HVDC Research Centre Inc., Manitoba, Canada

  53. Greenwood A (1991) Electrical transients in power systems, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  54. (2009) IEEE standard for AC high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis—preferred ratings and related required capabilities for voltages above 1000 V. IEEE Standard C37.06-2009

  55. Sabot A, Morin C, Guillaume C, Pons A (1993) A unique multipurpose damping circuit for shunt capacitor bank switching. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 8(3):1173–1183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. O’ Leary RP, Harner RH (1988) Evaluation of methods for controlling the overvoltages produced by the energization of a shunt capacitor bank. In: International conference on large high voltage electric systems (pp 1–12)

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research (No. KREF045507) from the King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research fund, Thailand.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand

    Theerasak Patcharoen, Atthapol Ngaopitakkul, Chaichan Pothisarn & Monthon Leelajindakrairerk

Authors
  1. Theerasak Patcharoen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Atthapol Ngaopitakkul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chaichan Pothisarn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Monthon Leelajindakrairerk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atthapol Ngaopitakkul.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Patcharoen, T., Ngaopitakkul, A., Pothisarn, C. et al. Simulation analysis of the switching of \(230\hbox { kV}\) substation shunt capacitor banks with a 6% series reactor for limiting transient inrush currents and oscillation overvoltage. Electr Eng 100, 435–459 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-017-0516-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-017-0516-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation