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The change of bone mineral density and bone metabolism after gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis

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Abstract

Summary

Bone mineral density (BMD) is significantly decreased after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. Calcium malabsorption, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and dominant bone resorption appear to contribute to bone loss in these patients. Patients should undergo early surveillance and nutritional or pharmacologic intensive interventions for bone health.

Purpose

Survivorship care, including bone health, has become an important issue in gastric cancer. We performed a meta-analysis of the available observational studies to determine whether and how osteoporosis risk is increased after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods

A total of 1204 patients (802 men) from 19 cohort studies were included. We evaluated the prevalence of osteoporosis in postgastrectomy patients, comparing the incidence according to the type of gastrectomy and sex. Additionally, we evaluated changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism-related markers pre- to postoperatively and between patients who underwent gastrectomy and matched controls. Proportion meta-analysis was performed and pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.

Results

The pooled incidence estimate was 36% [95% confidence interval (CI), 32–40]. The incidence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in women than in men (OR = 1.90, p < 0.001) but was similar between partial and total gastrectomy groups (OR = 0.983, p = 0.939). BMD was significantly decreased, and calcium, phosphorous, and parathyroid hormone levels were significantly increased in patients after gastrectomy compared to those before gastrectomy. BMD and calcium and 25OH-vitamin D levels were significantly decreased, and parathyroid hormone and 1,25OH-vitamin D levels were significantly increased in the gastrectomy group compared to that in the control group.

Conclusion

We found that BMD is significantly decreased after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism are suggested to be common mechanism underlying BMD impairment. After resection, patients should undergo long-term nutritional and bone health surveillance, in addition to their oncological follow-up.

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Funding

This study was funded by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [grant number: HI18C0284].

Author information

Author notes

  1. Hyun-Jin Oh and Byung-Ho Yoon equally contributed to this work, and should be considered as co-first author.

    Young-Kyun Lee and Seung-Mi Lee equally contributed to this work, and should be considered as co- corresponding author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea

    H.J. Oh

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    B.-H. Yoon

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Y.-C. Ha

  4. College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    D.-C. Suh

  5. College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University , 13-13 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si,Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea

    S.-M. Lee

  6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 463-707, Republic of Korea

    K.-H. Koo & Y.-K. Lee

  7. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 463-707, Republic of Korea

    K.-H. Koo

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Correspondence to S.-M. Lee or Y.-K. Lee.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

This meta-analysis summarizes previously published data and does not include new human data or tissue that requires ethical approval and consent. The authors assume that the studies reviewed were conducted after ethical approval and consent and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Oh, H., Yoon, BH., Ha, YC. et al. The change of bone mineral density and bone metabolism after gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 31, 267–275 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05220-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05220-2

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