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Association between dietary fat intake and bone mineral density in Korean adults: data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2008∼2009)

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Abstract

Summary

We determined the relation between dietary fat intake and bone mineral density, and our study showed that low- as well as high-fat diet was associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Our study provides significant evidence of the specific dietary components that may be important modifiable factors for the prevention of osteoporosis.

Introduction

Osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures have become major public health problems. It is important to understand the various factors that influence bone health and to prevent osteoporosis by correcting modifiable risk factors for the disease. Previous studies suggested that dietary habits and body composition were potent factors associated with bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to determine the independent effect of dietary fat intake on bone mineral density while controlling for other possible confounders, including fat mass and lean body mass.

Methods

This study was based on data obtained in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After serial exclusion of subjects according to the selection criteria, 7,192 subjects were included in our analysis. We divided the study population into quintiles according to dietary fat calorie/total calorie intake and compared the adjusted means of bone mineral density between quintiles.

Results

The bone mineral density was higher in men and women with a medium fat energy intake compared to those with a low- and high-fat energy intake, but the finding was statistically significant only in women. The results were valid after controlling for body fat percentage and lean body mass.

Conclusions

We found that dietary fat intake is an independent modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis, regardless of body fat or lean body mass, especially in women. However, further investigations with accurate analyses of food intake and nutritional consumption, in addition to long-term follow-up data, are necessary to recommend an osteoporosis-preventive diet in Koreans.

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Acknowledgments

The authors received no funding. There are no disclosures. The manuscript does not contain clinical studies or patient data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family Medicine, SamYook Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea

    Y.-M. Kwon

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, SamYook Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea

    G. W. Kim

  3. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 224 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea

    H. W. Yim & K.-S. Lee

  4. Department of Family Medicine, Health Promotion Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea

    Y. J. Paek

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  1. Y.-M. Kwon
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  2. G. W. Kim
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  3. H. W. Yim
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  5. K.-S. Lee
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Correspondence to K.-S. Lee.

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Kwon, YM., Kim, G.W., Yim, H.W. et al. Association between dietary fat intake and bone mineral density in Korean adults: data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2008∼2009). Osteoporos Int 26, 969–976 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2977-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2977-x

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