Abstract
Grinding chatter is a kind of self-excited vibration which does not need external motivation. However, the internal motivation exists in the form of the grinding force. The grinding force is time-varying due to the regeneration effects between the grinding wheel and the workpiece. Generally, the chatter strength is reflected by the grinding force, which affects the distribution of the grinding temperature field by adjusting the heat flux. Moreover, the dynamic temperature generated within the grinding area is applied to cause the materials microstructure transformation of the workpiece’s surface. Consequently, the materials microstructure transformation of the workpiece’s surface is affected by the grinding chatter as well. In order to investigate the relationship between the material microstructure transformation and the chatter strength, a new hybrid model which combines the finite difference method (FDM) and the cellular automaton (CA) method is established accordingly. Coupled by the chatter factor, the FDM verified by the Jager theory model is applied to obtain the distribution of the dynamic grinding temperature field. It can be proved that the grinding temperature goes up with the increase of the grinding chatter. Combined with the dynamic temperature field, the CA model is firstly applied to simulate the austenization which includes the nucleation, growth, grain coarsening, and carbon diffusion process. The results indicate that the grain size expands with the increase of the grinding chatter, which results in the low mechanical properties of the material. Then, the martensite’s nucleation with the grinding chatter started in the calculated austenite microstructure. Afterwards, the martensite with the grinding chatter grows up in the calculated austensite microstructure. From the experiment and the simulation, it can be concluded that the martensite content decreases with the increase of the grinding chatter. According to the above conclusions, it proves that better mechanical properties can be obtained by wakening the impact of the grinding chatter.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ding Z, Li B, Shao Y, Liang SY (2015) Phase transition at high heating rate and strain rate during maraging steel C250 grinding. Mater Manuf Process 31(13)
Fergani O, Shao Y, Lazoglu I, Liang SY (2014) Temperature effects on grinding residual stress. Procedia CIRP 14:2–6
Oliveira JFG, Silva EJ, Guo C, Hashimoto F (2009) Industrial challenges in grinding. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 58(2):663–680
Shao Y, Li B, Chiang KN, Liang SY (2015) Physics-based analysis of minimum quantity lubrication grinding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 79(9–12):1–12
Yan Y, Xu J, Wiercigroch M (2014) Non-linear analysis and quench control of chatter in plunge grinding. Int J Non Linear Mech 70:134–144
Zhang J, Ge P, Jen TC, Zhang L (2009) Experimental and numerical studies of AISI1020 steel in grind-hardening. Int J Heat Mass Transf 52(3–4):787–795
Liu Z, Payre G (2007) Stability analysis of doubly regenerative cylindrical grinding process. J Sound Vib 301(3–5):950–962
Altintas Y, Weck M (2004) Chatter stability of metal cutting and grinding. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 53(2):619–642
Foeckerer T, Zaeh M, Zhang OB (2013) A three-dimensional analytical model to predict the thermo-metallurgical effects within the surface layer during grinding and grind-hardening. Int J Heat Mass Transf 56(1):223–237
Jaeger JC (1942) Moving sources of heat and the temperature of sliding contacts. J Procroysocnew South Wales 76
Wen LK, Lin JF (2006) General temperature rise solution for a moving plane heat source problem in surface grinding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 31(3):268–277
Shen B, Shih AJ, Xiao G (2011) A heat transfer model based on finite difference method for grinding. J Manuf Sci Eng 133(3):031001
Wang X, Yu T, Sun X, Shi Y, Wang W (2016) Study of 3D grinding temperature field based on finite difference method: considering machining parameters and energy partition. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 84(5):915–927
Zarudi I, Zhang LC (2002) Modelling the structure changes in quenchable steel subjected to grinding. J Mater Sci 37(20):4333–4341
Nguyen T, Zarudi I, Zhang LC (2007) Grinding-hardening with liquid nitrogen: mechanisms and technology. Int J Mach Tool Manu 47(1):97–106
Shi X, Xiu S, Zhang X, Wang Y (2016) A study of PSHG and its characteristic mechanism of residual stress within a hardened layer. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 88(1–4):1–15
Chen F, Cui Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Chen W (2009) Modeling and simulation on dynamic recrystallization of 30Cr2Ni4MoV rotor steel using the cellular automaton method. Model Simul Mater Sci Eng 17(7):075015
Su B, Han Z, Zhao Y, Shen B, Xu E, Huang S, Liu B (2014) Numerical simulation of microstructure evolution of heavy steel casting in casting and heat treatment processes. Trans Iron Steel Inst Jpn 54(2):408–414
Su B, Han ZQ, Liu BC, Zhao YR, Shen BZ, Zhang LZ (2012) Numerical simulation on austenitization of cast steel during heating process, p 2080
Yang B, Hattiangadi A, Li W, Zhou G, McGreevy T (2010) Simulation of steel microstructure evolution during induction heating. Mater Sci Eng A 527(12):2978–2984
Zhu B, Zhang Y, Wang C, Liu PX, Liang WK, Li J (2014) Modeling of the austenitization of ultra-high strength steel with cellular automation method. Metall Mater Trans A 45(7):3161–3171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2255-8
Su B, Han Z, Liu B (2013) Cellular automaton modeling of austenite nucleation and growth in hypoeutectoid steel during heating process. ISIJ Int 53(3):527–534
Ghassemi-Armaki H, Maaß R, Bhat SP, Sriram S, Greer JR, Kumar KS (2014) Deformation response of ferrite and martensite in a dual-phase steel. Acta Mater 62(1):197–211
Zhi Y, Liu WJ, Liu XH (2014) Simulation of martensitic transformation of high strength and elongation steel by cellular automaton. In: Advanced Materials Research. Trans Tech Publ, pp 235–238
Sherman DH, Yang BJ, Catalina AV, Hattiangadi AA, Zhao P, Chuzhoy L, Johnson ML (2007) Modeling of microstructure evolution of athermal transformation of lath martensite. In: Materials science forum. Trans Tech Publ, pp 4795–4800
Sun C, Niu Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xiu S (2017) Study on the surface topography considering grinding chatter based on dynamics and reliability. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 1–14
Yuan L, Keskinen E, Järvenpää V (2005) Stability analysis of roll grinding system with double time delay effects. In: IUTAM Symposium on Vibration Control of Nonlinear Mechanisms and Structures. Springer, pp 375–387
Chung K-W, Liu Z (2011) Nonlinear analysis of chatter vibration in a cylindrical transverse grinding process with two time delays using a nonlinear time transformation method. Nonlinear Dyn 66(4):441–456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-010-9924-y
Malkin S (1989) Grinding technology: theory and applications of machining with abrasives. SME
Carslaw HS, Jaeger JC, Feshbach H (1962) Conduction of heat in solids. Phys Today 15(11):74–76
Des Ruisseaux NR, Zerkle R (1970) Thermal analysis of the grinding process. J Eng Ind 92(2):428–433
Zhang D, Li C, Zhang Y, Jia D, Zhang X (2015) Experimental research on the energy ratio coefficient and specific grinding energy in nanoparticle jet MQL grinding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 78(5–8):1275–1288
Li BM, Zhao B (2003) Modern grinding technology. China Machin Press
Halder C, Bachniak D, Madej L, Chakraborti N, Pietrzyk M (2015) Sensitivity analysis of the finite difference 2-D cellular automata model for phase transformation during heating. ISIJ Int 55(1):285–292
Zhao C, Wang P, Xing M (2017) Research on the matching of fastener stiffness based on wheel-rail contact mechanism for prevention of rail corrugation. Math Probl Eng 2017
Polycarpou AA (2005) Measurement and modeling of normal contact stiffness and contact damping at the meso scale. J Vib Acoust 127(1):52–60
Halder C, Madej L, Pietrzyk M (2014) Discrete micro-scale cellular automata model for modelling phase transformation during heating of dual phase steels. Arch Civil Mech Eng 14(1):96–103
Yang B, Chuzhoy L, Johnson M (2007) Modeling of reaustenitization of hypoeutectoid steels with cellular automaton method. Comput Mater Sci 41(2):186–194
Demirel M, Kuprat A, George D, Rollett A (2003) Bridging simulations and experiments in microstructure evolution. Phys Rev Lett 90(1):016106
El-Raghy T, Barsoum MW, Zavaliangos A, Kalidindi SR (2010) Processing and mechanical properties of Ti3SiC2: II, effect of grain size and deformation temperature. J Am Ceram Soc 82(10):2855–2860
Kubin LP (1982) Reviews on the deformation behavior of materials reviews on the deformation behavior of materials. 4(3):181–275
Orr RL, Chipman J (1967) Thermodynamic functions of iron
Fisher JC, Hollomon JH, Turnbull D (1948) Nucleation. J Appl Phys 19(8):775–784
Basinski ZS, Christian JW (1954) Crystallography of deformation by twin boundary movements in indium-thallium alloys. Acta Metall 2(1):101–113
Denis S, Sjöström S, Simon A (1987) Coupled temperature, stress, phase transformation calculation. Metall Mater Trans A 18(7):1203–1212
Olson GB (1995) Opportunities in martensite theory. J Phys IV 05(C8):C8-31–C38-40
Hattiangadi A, Cai J, Chuzhoy L, Johnson ML (2006) Prediction of residual stress and damage distribution using explicit microstructure level simulation of martensitic transformation
Muhamad R, Ali MSM, Oehlers DJ, Griffith M (2012) The tension stiffening mechanism in reinforced concrete prisms. Adv Struct Eng 15(12):2053–2070
Bischoff PH (2003) Tension stiffening and cracking of steel fiber-reinforced concrete. J Mater Civ Eng 15(2):174–182
Funding
This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51775101) and the Technology Project of Shenyang City (Grant No. F16-205-1-02).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, C., Liu, Z., Lan, D. et al. Study on the influence of the grinding chatter on the workpiece’s microstructure transformation. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 96, 3861–3879 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1794-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1794-3