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Central sensitization is a risk factor for wound complications after primary total knee arthroplasty

  • Knee
  • Published:
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Aims and scope

Abstract

Purpose

Postoperative wound complication is a significant risk factor for subsequent deep periprosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Central sensitization is an abnormal enhancement of pain mechanism involving the central nervous system. Although psychological disorder is widely considered as a risk factor, the relationship between central sensitization and wound complication is currently unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether central sensitization was associated with high wound complication rate after primary TKA.

Materials and methods

Between January and June 2016, 161 patients undergoing unilateral TKA were prospectively divided into two groups based on central sensitization inventory score of 40 points after excluding cases with known risk factors such as physical comorbidities, health-related behaviors, and psychological disorders. Group 1 consisted of 112 patients (112 knees) whose central sensitization inventory score was < 40 points and group 2 consisted of 49 patients (49 knees) whose central sensitization inventory score was ≥ 40 points. Wound complications were defined as wound dehiscence, suture granuloma, prolonged wound oozing after postoperative day 5, significant hematoma formation, or surgical site infection recorded during the initial 90-day postoperative period. Demographic data, visual analog scale (VAS), central sensitization inventory score, and wound complications were compared between the two groups.

Results

Wound complications developed in 3 (2.7%) knees in group 1 and 14 (28.6%) knees in group 2 (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of postoperative wound complications were increased 15.7 times in patients with central sensitization inventory score ≥ 40 (95% CI 4.1–60.0, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Central sensitization is a risk factor for the development of postoperative wound complication after primary TKA.

Level of evidence

II.

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There was no external funding source in this investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea

    Man Soo Kim

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Paul’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea

    In Jun Koh

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea

    Seung Yeol Lee & Yong In

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  1. Man Soo Kim
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  2. In Jun Koh
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Correspondence to Yong In.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Kim, M.S., Koh, I.J., Lee, S.Y. et al. Central sensitization is a risk factor for wound complications after primary total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 26, 3419–3428 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-4914-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-4914-6

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