Abstract
Ionic liquids are a new class of fluids to be considered for heat transfer due to their remarkable thermophysical properties. Experimental researches on ionic liquids have increased over the last few years and, as an extension, a new class of heat transfer fluids, the ionanofluids were considered in some recent experimental studies. Ionanofluids consists in suspending little amounts of high conductive nanoparticles in ionic liquids. In spite of a lot of inconsistent reports—mainly due to the deficient understanding of the involved mechanisms—ionanofluids have been demonstrated as a new favorable heat transfer fluid. The enhanced thermal conductivity of ionanofluids over the basic ionic liquids is considered one of the driving factors for enhancing convection. Nonetheless, the thermal conductivity is the most studied parameter in spite of the important influence of viscosity variation on the convective flow. This numerical study employed Ansys Fluent commercial code and showed that a correct description of thermophysical properties may make ionanofluids a very promising new heat transfer fluid since the preliminary results are encouraging.
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Abbreviations
- \({c}_{\mathrm{p}}\) :
-
Specific heat (J/kg K)
- D :
-
Hydraulic diameter (m)
- h :
-
Heat transfer coefficient (\(\hbox {W/m}^{2}\) K)
- k :
-
Thermal conductivity (W/m K)
- L :
-
Length (m)
- Nu :
-
Nusselt number, dimensionless
- P :
-
Dimensionless pressure
- Pr :
-
Prandtl number, dimensionless
- q :
-
Heat flux (\(\hbox {W/m}^{2}\))
- r :
-
Radius (m)
- R :
-
Ray, \(R = D/2\)
- Re :
-
Reynolds number, dimensionless
- T :
-
Temperature (K)
- U :
-
Dimensionless tangential velocity
- u, v, w :
-
Velocity components (m/s)
- \({u}_{\infty }\) :
-
Average velocity for inlet flow
- v :
-
Axial velocity
- V :
-
Dimensionless radial velocity
- W :
-
Dimensionless axial velocity
- X, Y, Z :
-
Non-dimensional coordinates
- x, y, z :
-
Cartesian coordinates (m)
- \(\alpha \) :
-
Thermal diffusivity
- \(\delta _{\mathrm{t}}\) :
-
Thermal boundary layer thickness (m)
- \(\varphi \) :
-
Fraction of particles
- \(\mu \) :
-
Fluid dynamic viscosity
- \(\rho \) :
-
Density (kg/m\(^{3}\))
- \(\varTheta \) :
-
Dimensionless temperature
- \(\infty \) :
-
Refers to inlet flow
- b:
-
Refers to bulk temperature
- bf:
-
Refers to base-fluid
- il:
-
Refers to base-fluid—ionic liquid
- inf:
-
Refers to ionanofluid property
- m:
-
Refers to a mean value
- mexit:
-
Refers to a mean value on exit
- n:
-
Refers to nanoparticle
- r:
-
Refers to “ionanofluid/base-fluid” ratio
- T:
-
Constant wall temperature
- w:
-
Value on the wall surface
- x :
-
Based on length x
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Ansys Fluent version 13.1 user guide
Paul, T.C., Morshed, M., Khan, J.A.: Numerical investigation of natural convection of nanoparticle enhanced ionic liquids (NEILs) in enclosure heated from below. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, vol. 1754, pp. 050019 (2016)
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Communicated by Andreas Öchsner.
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Chereches, E.I., Sharma, K.V. & Minea, A.A. A numerical approach in describing ionanofluids behavior in laminar and turbulent flow. Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. 30, 657–666 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-018-0634-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-018-0634-x