Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of cirrhotic patients with candidemia and intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) and to evaluate the risk factors associated with 30-day mortality.
Methods
A multicenter multinational retrospective study including all consecutive episodes of candidemia and IAC in adult patients with liver cirrhosis in 14 European hospitals during the period 2011–2013 was performed.
Results
A total of 241 episodes (169 candidemia, 72 IAC) were included. Most Candida infections were acquired in hospital (208, 86.3%), mainly in the intensive care unit (ICU) (121, 50.2%). At clinical presentation, fever was seen in 60.6% of episodes (146/241) and septic shock in 34.9% (84/241). C. albicans was the most common species (found in 131 episodes, 54.4%), followed by C. glabrata (35, 14.5%) and C. parapsilosis (34, 14.1%). Overall, the 30-day mortality was 35.3%. Multivariable analysis identified candidemia (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.5) and septic shock (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7–6) as independent factors associated with 30-day mortality. Adequate antifungal treatment (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.9) was associated with survival benefit.
Conclusions
A shift towards increasing prevalence of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis species in patients with liver disease was documented. Candidemia and IAC were associated with significant mortality in cirrhotic patients. Thirty-day mortality was associated with candidemia and severe clinical presentation, whereas adequate antifungal treatment improved the prognosis.
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Abbreviations
- CA:
-
Community associated
- CAID:
-
Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction
- CVC:
-
Central venous catheter
- IAC:
-
Intra-abdominal candidiasis
- ICU:
-
Intensive care unit
- IFI:
-
Invasive fungal infections
- MELD:
-
Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
- OR:
-
Odds ratio
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Take-home message: Cirrhotic patients with invasive Candida infections are highly susceptible to septic shock. Thirty-day mortality in cirrhotic patients is associated with advanced liver disease, candidemia, and severe disease at clinical presentation, whereas adequate antifungal treatment improves the prognosis.
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Bassetti, M., Peghin, M., Carnelutti, A. et al. Clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality in cirrhotic patients with candidemia and intra-abdominal candidiasis: a multicenter study. Intensive Care Med 43, 509–518 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-4717-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-4717-0