|
Total dairy intake (g/day)c
|
116 ± 45
|
245 ± 38
|
447 ± 134
| |
|
Anthropometric and socio-demographic characteristics
|
|
Mend
|
473 (40.5)
|
480 (41.1)
|
566 (48.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Age (years)c
|
59 ± 9
|
59 ± 10
|
59 ± 9
|
0.902
|
|
Waist circumference (cm)
|
|
Menc
|
97.5 ± 10.5
|
95.7 ± 9.4
|
93.9 ± 8.7
|
<0.001
|
|
Womenc
|
82.4 ± 11.4
|
81.4 ± 10.49
|
81.3 ± 9.8
|
0.125
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)c
|
26.8 ± 4.2
|
26.2 ± 3.8
|
25.8 ± 3.5
|
<0.001
|
|
Alcohol (units/week)e
|
8.5 (1.0, 12.0)
|
6.6 (1, 9.5)
|
5.4 (1.0, 7.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Smoking: currentd
|
163 (14.1)
|
124 (10.7)
|
111 (9.6)
|
<0.001
|
|
Education: degree or higherd
|
156 (13.4)
|
157 (13.5)
|
164 (14.1)
|
0.047
|
|
Physical activity: actived
|
182 (15.6)
|
232 (19.9)
|
254 (21.8)
|
<0.001
|
|
Social class: professional/manageriald
|
495 (42.4)
|
509 (43.6)
|
490 (42.0)
|
0.709
|
|
Dietary intake
|
|
Energy (kJ/day)c
|
7,519 ± 2,092
|
8,171 ± 2,021
|
8,912 ± 2,230
|
<0.001
|
|
Saturated fat (% TE)c
|
12.9 ± 3.1
|
12.9 ± 3.0
|
13.1 ± 3.1
|
0.145
|
|
Monounsaturated fat (% TE)c
|
12.3 ± 2.4
|
11.9 ± 2.1
|
11.6 ± 2.0
|
<0.001
|
|
Polyunsaturated fat (% TE)c
|
6.7 ± 1.8
|
6.6 ± 1.7
|
6.2 ± 1.7
|
<0.001
|
|
Calcium (mg/day)c
|
624 ± 186
|
807 ± 175
|
1,077 ± 256
|
<0.001
|
|
Magnesium (mg/day)c
|
256 ± 75
|
289 ± 78
|
330 ± 87
|
<0.001
|
|
Vitamin D (μg/day)e
|
2.38 (1.53, 3.67)
|
2.85 (1.83, 4.30)
|
2.98 (2.07, 4.50)
|
<0.001
|
|
Fibre (g/day)c
|
13.46 ± 4.72
|
15.04 ± 4.95
|
16.47 ± 5.90
|
<0.001
|
|
Fruit (g/day)c
|
141 ± 124
|
165 ± 131
|
173 ± 130
|
<0.001
|
|
Vegetables (g/day)e
|
74 (44, 119)
|
82 (48, 124)
|
83 (50, 126)
|
0.007
|
|
Processed meat (g/day)c
|
30 ± 28
|
28 ± 24
|
26 ± 26
|
0.010
|
|
Red meat (g/day)e
|
11 (0, 30)
|
13 (0, 25)
|
9 (0, 23)
|
0.008
|
|
Coffee (g/day)e
|
304 (80, 598)
|
301 (64, 477)
|
271 (46, 582)
|
0.342
|
|
Plasma vitamin C level (μmol/l)c
|
53 ± 20
|
54 ± 20
|
54 ± 20
|
0.357
|