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Diversification of the downy mildew resistance gene pool by introgression of a new gene, Pl35, from wild Helianthus argophyllus into oilseed and confection sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)

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We have mapped a new downy mildew resistance gene, Pl35, derived from wild Helianthus argophyllus to sunflower linkage group 1. New germplasms incorporating the Pl35 gene were developed for both oilseed and confection sunflower

Abstract

Sunflower downy mildew (DM), caused by the oomycete pathogen Plasmopara halstedii, is an economically important and widespread sunflower disease worldwide. Non-race-specific resistance is not available in sunflower, and breeding for DM resistance relies on race-specific resistance to control this disease. The discovery of the novel DM resistance genes is a long-term task due to the highly virulent and aggressive nature of the P. halstedii pathogen, which reduces the effectiveness of resistance genes. The objectives of this study were to: (1) transfer DM resistance from a wild sunflower species Helianthus argophyllus (PI 494576) into cultivated sunflowers; (2) map the resistance gene; and (3) develop diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for efficient targeting of the gene in breeding programs. The H. argophyllus accession PI 494576 previously identified with resistance to the most virulent P. halstedii race 777 was crossed with oilseed and confection sunflower in 2012. Molecular mapping using the BC2F2 and BC2F3 populations derived from the cross CONFSCLB1/PI 494576 located a new resistance gene Pl35 on linkage group 1 of the sunflower genome. The new gene Pl35 was successfully transferred from PI 494576 into cultivated sunflowers. SNP markers flanking Pl35 were surveyed in a validation panel of 548 diversified sunflower lines collected globally. Eleven SNP markers were found to be diagnostic for Pl35 SNP alleles, with four co-segregating with Pl35. The developed oilseed and confection germplasms with diagnostic SNP markers for Pl35 will be very useful resources for breeding of DM resistance in sunflower.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Angelia Hogness for technical assistance in the laboratory, greenhouse, and field. This project was supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5442-21000-043-00D and the USDA-AMS Specialty Crop Block Grant Program 12-25-B-1689. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this report is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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  1. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA

    L. L. Qi & G. J. Seiler

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA

    G. J. Ma & X. H. Li

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LLQ conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper. LLQ, GJM, XHL, and GJS performed the experiments. GJS, GJM, and XHL commented on the manuscript before submission.

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Qi, L.L., Ma, G.J., Li, X.H. et al. Diversification of the downy mildew resistance gene pool by introgression of a new gene, Pl35, from wild Helianthus argophyllus into oilseed and confection sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Theor Appl Genet 132, 2553–2565 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03370-9

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