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Genetic structure among sorghum landraces as revealed by morphological variation and microsatellite markers in three agroclimatic regions of Burkina Faso

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Abstract

Diversity among 124 sorghum landraces from 10 villages surveyed in 3 regions of Burkina Faso covering different agroecological zones was assessed by 28 agromorphological traits and 29 microsatellite markers. 94.4% of the landraces collected belonged to the botanical race guinea (consisting of 96.6% guinea gambicum and 3.4% guinea margaritiferum), 74.2% had white kernels, 13.7% had orange and 12.1% had red kernels. Compared to the “village nested within zone” factor, the “variety nested within village within zone” factor predominately contributed to the diversity pattern for all nine statistically analysed quantitative traits. The multivariate analyses performed on ten morphological traits identified five landrace groups, and of these, the red kernel sorghum types appeared the most homogenous. 2 to 17 alleles were detected per locus with a mean 4.9 alleles per locus and a gene diversity (He) of 0.37. Landraces from the sub-Sahelian zone had the highest gene diversity (He = 0.38). Cluster analysis revealed that the diversity was weakly stratified and could not be explained by any biophysical criteria. One homogenous guinea margaritiferum group was distinguished from other guinea landraces. The red kernel type appeared to be genetically distinct from all other guinea landraces. The kernel colour was the principal structuring factor. This is an example of a homogeneous group of varieties selected for a specific use (for local beer preparation), mainly grown around the households in compound fields, and presenting particular agromorphological and genetic traits. This is the most original feature of sorghum diversity in Burkina Faso and should be the focus of special conservation efforts.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Fonds Français pour l’Environnement Mondial (FFEM). We thank the various people who participated in the 2003 and 2004 sampling and specifically farmers who shared their varieties and knowledge. We thank Lauriane Rouan for the statistical treatment of the agromorphological data through the SAS software and Anthony Mc Gowan for editing the English of the final draft manuscript. We lastly thank André Charrier for his critical review of the manuscript..

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INERA, CRREA du Centre, BP 10, Koudougou, Burkina Faso

    Clarisse Barro-Kondombo

  2. CIRAD, UMR Développement et Amélioration des Plantes, Montpellier, 34398, France

    Fabrice Sagnard & Monique Deu

  3. International Center of Research for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), P.O. Box 39063, Nairobi, Kenya

    Fabrice Sagnard

  4. CIRAD, UPR Adaptation Agroécologique et Innovation Variétale, Montpellier, 34398, France

    Jacques Chantereau & Kirsten vom Brocke

  5. International Center of Research for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), BP 320, Bamako, Mali

    Kirsten vom Brocke

  6. IRD, UMR CNRS-IRD2724-Génétique et Evolution des maladies infectieuses, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Patrick Durand

  7. CIRAD, UPR Systèmes de Culture Annuels, Montpellier, 34398, France

    Eric Gozé

  8. Université de Ouagadougou, UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, 03, BP 7021, Ouagadogou 03, Burkina Faso

    Jean Didier Zongo

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  1. Clarisse Barro-Kondombo
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  2. Fabrice Sagnard
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  3. Jacques Chantereau
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  4. Monique Deu
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  5. Kirsten vom Brocke
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  8. Jean Didier Zongo
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Correspondence to Jacques Chantereau.

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Communicated by A. Charcosset.

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Barro-Kondombo, C., Sagnard, F., Chantereau, J. et al. Genetic structure among sorghum landraces as revealed by morphological variation and microsatellite markers in three agroclimatic regions of Burkina Faso. Theor Appl Genet 120, 1511–1523 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1272-2

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