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Biomechanisches Screening zur Verletzungsprävention

Die Bedeutung der 3D-Bewegungsanalyse im Hochleistungssport

Biomechanical screening for injury prevention

The importance of 3D-motion analysis in high performance sports

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Zusammenfassung

Standardisierte klinische Diagnostikverfahren können nicht die Funktionalität der anatomischen Strukturen in sportartspezifischer Bewegung beurteilen. Biomechanische Testungen können Defizite aufdecken, die mithilfe der klinischen Untersuchung und herkömmlicher bildgebender Verfahren nicht ausreichend und präzise objektiv ermittelt werden können. Die Einsatzbereiche funktioneller Testungen sind vielseitig und reichen von Präventionsanalysen über Testungen im Rehabilitationsverlauf bis zur Entscheidung „return-to-play“. Eine Einschätzung des Verletzungsrisikos ist mithilfe einfacher Screeningtests schwierig. In der komplexen 3D-Bewegungsanalyse können Bewegungsqualität, Gelenkwinkelverläufe und -belastungen sowie Muskelaktivitäten objektiv, reliabel und reproduzierbar bestimmt werden. Diese Verfahren sind zeitaufwendiger, kostenintensiver und erfordern v. a. spezifische biomechanische und medizinische Kenntnisse, um die Analysedaten hinsichtlich der klinischen Relevanz zu beurteilen. In Abwesenheit wissenschaftlicher Studien zur biomechanischen Analyse im Profisport zeigt diese Arbeit erste Ansätze zu diesem Thema.

Abstract

Standardized clinical diagnostic procedures cannot assess the functionality of the anatomical structures in sport-specific movement. Biomechanical screening is able to detect deficits but is not sufficiently and objectively precise with the current clinical examination tools including conventional imaging techniques. The fields of use of functional testing methods are versatile and range from injury prevention analysis, screening during rehabilitation phases up to the return-to-play decision. Using simple musculoskeletal function analysis it is difficult to assess the risk of injuries. The main advantage of instrumented 3D-motion analysis is its potential to generate objective, reliable and reproducible data with exact joint angles, muscle activity, as well as loading inside the joints during movement. These marker-based motion analysis procedures are more time-consuming and more cost intensive and necessitate in particular biomechanical and medical knowledge to assess the analytical data in terms of clinical relevance. In the absence of scientific studies on biomechanical analyses in professional sports, this study shows preliminary approaches to this topic.

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Correspondence to H. Dewitz.

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H. Dewitz, B. Yildirim und P. Klein geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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W. Krutsch, Regensburg

S. Weber-Spickschen, Hannover

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Dewitz, H., Yildirim, B. & Klein, P. Biomechanisches Screening zur Verletzungsprävention. Unfallchirurg 121, 455–462 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-018-0498-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-018-0498-3

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