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Wie hängen Eintreffen und Outcome schwerer Verletzter im Traumazentrum von Wetter, Tages- und Jahreszeit ab?

Impact of weather, time of day and season on the admission and outcome of major trauma patients

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Im klinischen Alltag wird oft ein Zusammenhang von Tageszeit oder Wetterbedingungen mit dem Eintreffen von Unfallopfern diskutiert. Wir wollten dies konkret an unserem Traumazentrum überprüfen, um aufgrund der Resultate mögliche Ressourcenoptimierungen umsetzen zu können.

Material und Methoden

Retrospektive Analyse aller 2010–2013 infolge eines Mindesttraumas (New Injury Severity Score, NISS ≥8) notfallmäßig versorgten Patienten eines Zentrumspitals im Schweizer Mittelland (uni- und multivariate Analyse; p < 0,05).

Ergebnisse

Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden 1178 schwerer Verletzte versorgt. Die betroffenen Patienten waren 53 ± 23 Jahre alt mit einem mittleren ISS von 14 ± 8. In den Sommermonaten wurden mehr Unfälle verzeichnet als während des übrigen Jahres (p < 0,001). Es fanden sich mehr Hochenergietraumata je höher die Temperatur und je länger die Sonnenscheindauer tagsüber (je p < 0,001) bzw. bei Wetterumschlag (p = 0,008). Hingegen zeigten Schneefall oder Mondphase keine signifikanten Zusammenhänge mit Anzahl oder Charakteristik eintreffender Verletzter. Die Multivariatanalyse belegte, dass längere Sonnenscheindauer, höhere Tagesminimumtemperaturen sowie eine niedrigere Luftfeuchtigkeit im Vergleich zum Vortag zusammen 3,1 % zur Erklärung des Eintreffens Verletzter beitrugen. Ein Einfluss auf das Patientenoutcome konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden.

Diskussion

In der Tat ließ sich ein signifikanter Einfluss bestimmter Konstellationen wie höhere Tagestemperatur oder Wetterwechsel auf das Eintreffen schwerer Verletzter feststellen. Diese Effekte sind in unserem Kollektiv allerdings gering. Eine Anpassung der personellen Besetzung drängt sich somit für unsere Mittellandsituation nicht auf, sollte aber für größere Kliniken in anderen geografischen Regionen bzw. Wetterregionen aktiv überprüft werden.

Abstract

Background and objectives

The potential association of external factors such as time of day, lunar phases or specific weather conditions on the daily management and outcome of trauma emergencies remains under debate. We undertook this trauma centre investigation to detect possible worthwhile factors of influence in order to optimize the organizational structure of trauma admissions.

Materials and methods

Retrospective cohort analysis over the years 2010–2013, including all emergency trauma admissions with a new injury severity score (NISS) ≥8 (major trauma) treated in a teaching hospital in the lowland of Switzerland (uni- and multivariable analysis; p < 0.05).

Results

During the study period, 1178 major trauma patients were admitted to the hospital. The mean age of trauma victims was 53 ± 23 and the average ISS was 14 ± 8. More patients arrived within the summer months than during the rest of the year (p < 0.001). Higher energy trauma was found to correlate with higher daytime temperature, longer duration of sunshine (each p < 0.001), and change in weather conditions (p = 0.008). In contrast, snowfall and lunar phases did not demonstrate any association with the number or characteristics of trauma admissions. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that altogether longer sunshine, higher minimum daytime temperature and lower air humidity, compared to the previous day, accounted for 31 % of major trauma admissions. We could not find any impact of the investigated external factors on the outcome of patients.

Conclusions

The study shows a significant relationship between specific weather conditions, such as higher daytime temperature or change in circulation, and the admission of major trauma patients. Due to the small effect in our setting, our results do not implicate any according change in the management of resources. Nevertheless, for hospitals in other geographic or more exposed weather regions, such effects could indeed be relevant and therefore should be tested.

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Correspondence to M. Bundi.

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M. Bundi, L. Meier, F. Amsler und T. Gross geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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W. Mutschler, München

H. Polzer, München

B. Ockert, München

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Bundi, M., Meier, L., Amsler, F. et al. Wie hängen Eintreffen und Outcome schwerer Verletzter im Traumazentrum von Wetter, Tages- und Jahreszeit ab?. Unfallchirurg 121, 10–19 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-016-0267-0

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