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Europäische Hypertonieleitlinien 2018 – was ändert sich?

European guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension 2018—what has changed?

  • Arzneimitteltherapie
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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Im November 2017 erschienen die neuen amerikanischen Hypertonieleitlinien, die eine Herabsetzung der Grenze zur Hypertonie auf 130/80 mm Hg postulierten. Mit Spannung wurden daher die Hypertonieleitlinien der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) und European Society of Hypertension (ESH) 2018 erwartet.

Ziel der Übersicht

Der vorliegende Beitrag soll einen Überblick über die neuen Hypertonieleitlinien von 2018 geben und die wesentlichen Neuerungen seit der letzten Auflage im Jahr 2013 herausarbeiten.

Datenlage

Hinsichtlich der Grenze zwischen Normo- und Hypertonie gilt in den neuen europäischen Leitlinien weiterhin ein Wert von 140/90 mm Hg. Im Gegensatz dazu erfolgte jedoch die Definition eines Zielblutdruckkorridors: 120–129 mm Hg systolisch und 70–79 mm Hg diastolisch bei Patienten < 65 Jahren sowie 130–139 mm Hg systolisch und 70–79 mm Hg diastolisch bei Patienten ≥ 65 Jahre. Zudem ist als medikamentöse Therapie ein Kombinationspräparat aus zwei Wirkstoffen in einer Tablette von Beginn an empfohlen, um die Adhärenz zu verbessern. Interventionelle Therapiemöglichkeiten wie eine Nierennervenablation sollten nur im Rahmen klinischer Studien oder Register an spezialisierten Zentren durchgeführt werden. Des Weiteren erfolgt eine Darstellung der Themenbereiche Therapieinitiierung und klinische Evaluation der Hypertonie sowie Management des hypertensiven Notfalls.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die neuen Hypertonieleitlinien weisen einige wesentliche Neuerungen auf. Einer der relevantesten Gesichtspunkte ist, dass – anders als in den aktuellen amerikanischen Hypertonieleitlinien – an der bisherigen Definition der arteriellen Hypertonie festgehalten wird, jedoch der Zielblutdruck um 10 mm Hg abgesenkt wurde und die Anwendung von Fixkombinationen empfohlen wird.

Abstract

Background

In November 2017, the latest American guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension were published. With these guidelines lowering the threshold for hypertension to 130/80 mm Hg, the latest European guidelines were expected with excitement.

Objectives

This article gives an overview on the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Society of Hypertension (ESH) 2018 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension, thereby identifying the most relevant changes in comparison to previous guidelines.

Current data

The latest 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines adhere to the previous definition of hypertension, in which a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg is considered as threshold for diagnosis. In contrast, there was a change in blood pressure treatment target from below 140/90 to between 120–129/70–79 mm Hg in patients < 65 years if well tolerated. Among patients ≥ 65 years, a systolic blood pressure between 130 and 139 mm Hg is recommended, whereas a diastolic blood pressure between 70 and 79 mm Hg should be targeted. Additionally the guidelines recommend the use of fixed dose combinations as first choice instead of monotherapy to improve adherence. Interventional treatment strategies should only be applied in carefully selected patients at experienced centers and are not recommended outside of clinical studies and registers. Furthermore, the chapters regarding initiation of blood pressure-lowering therapy and clinical evaluation as well as management of hypertension emergencies have been outlined.

Conclusions

The latest European guidelines for the management of hypertension include several changes. One of the most important aspects is that—in contrast to the American guidelines—the threshold for diagnosis remains at 140/90 mm Hg, whereas treatment target range has been lowered by roughly 10 mm Hg and single pill fixed dose combinations are recommended.

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Correspondence to R. E. Schmieder.

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Interessenkonflikt

R.E. Schmieder ist Beschäftigter des Freistaats Bayern (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen) und Mitglied der Arbeitsgruppe der ESC/ESH-Leitlinien von 2013 und 2018 zum Management der arteriellen Hypertonie. Er warb für das Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Forschungsförderungen von DFG, Amgen, Ablative Solution, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Medtronic, Recor und Rox Medical ein. Er erhielt Honorare als Sprecher und Berater von Bayer, Berlin-Chemie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Medtronic, Novartis, Recor, Rox Medical und Servier. S. Jung gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die im Beitrag zitierten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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M. Wehling, Mannheim

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Jung, S., Schmieder, R.E. Europäische Hypertonieleitlinien 2018 – was ändert sich?. Internist 60, 202–208 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-018-0552-9

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