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Physiologie und klinische Bedeutung von weißem, beigem und braunem Fettgewebe

Physiology and clinical importance of white, beige and brown adipose tissue

  • Schwerpunkt: Stoffwechselerkrankungen
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Zusammenfassung

Die metabolischen Funktionen verschiedener Entitäten von Fettgewebe sind von hohem wissenschaftlichem und klinischem Interesse. Weißes Fettgewebe ist nicht nur Energiespeicher, sondern spielt als hochaktives endokrines Organ auch eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Entstehung von Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidämie, arterieller Hypertonie und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen. Braunes Fettgewebe hat die Fähigkeit, chemische Energie in Wärme umzuwandeln, und könnte hierdurch einen gegensätzlichen, schützenden, Effekt haben. Die Aktivierung von braunem Fettgewebe und die Induktion der Entwicklung von Adipozyten mit den Charakteristika brauner Fettzellen könnten einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Behandlung der genannten Zivilisationserkrankungen leisten. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll einen Überblick über das aktuelle Verständnis von Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der verschiedenen Fettgewebsarten und über das resultierende therapeutische Potenzial geben.

Abstract

The metabolic functions of different kinds of adipose tissue are of growing scientific and clinical interest. White adipose tissue is not only an energy store but as a highly active endocrine organ it also plays an essential role in the development of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Brown adipose tissue, on the other hand, can convert chemical energy into heat and could therefore have an opposing, protective effect. The activation of brown adipose tissue and the induction of the development of adipocytes with the characteristics of brown fat cells could make a significant contribution to the treatment of these civilization diseases. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of different adipose tissue types and the resulting therapeutic potential.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endokrinologikum Hamburg, Lornsenstr. 4–6, 22767, Hamburg, Deutschland

    M. Merkel

  2. Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland

    S. M. Schmid & K. A. Iwen

  3. Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e. V. (DZD), Neuherberg, Deutschland

    S. M. Schmid

Authors
  1. M. Merkel
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  2. S. M. Schmid
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  3. K. A. Iwen
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Correspondence to M. Merkel.

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Interessenkonflikt

M. Merkel, S.M. Schmid und K.A. Iwen geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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H. Lehnert, Lübeck

C.C. Sieber, Nürnberg

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Merkel, M., Schmid, S.M. & Iwen, K.A. Physiologie und klinische Bedeutung von weißem, beigem und braunem Fettgewebe. Internist 60, 115–121 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-018-0540-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-018-0540-0

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