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Seltene Herzerkrankungen am Elektrokardiogramm erkennen

Recognizing rare cardiac diseases by electrocardiogram

  • Seltene Erkrankungen
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Zusammenfassung

Eine Reihe seltener Herzerkrankungen kann am Elektrokardiogramm (EKG) erkannt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag illustriert die klinische Bedeutung des EKG als zentrales Diagnostikum beim Wolff-Parkinson-White-Syndrom und bei Ionenkanalerkrankungen, die häufig erst spät diagnostiziert werden, nachdem der plötzliche Herztod in betroffenen Familien ein oder mehrere Opfer gefordert hat. Zu diesen Ionenkanalerkrankungen gehören das Long-QT-Syndrom, Short-QT-Syndrom, Brugada-Syndrom und katecholaminerge polymorphe Kammertachykardien. Darüber hinaus finden sich häufig typische EKG-Befunde bei Patienten mit idiopathischen Kammertachykardien, arrhythmogener rechtsventrikulärer Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisvergiftung, Hyperkaliämie oder akutem Cor pulmonale im Rahmen einer Lungenembolie, zudem bei ausgeprägter linksventrikulärer Hypertrophie, wie etwa bei hypertrophischer Kardiomyopathie.

Abstract

A number of rare cardiac diseases can be recognized by electrocardiogram (ECG). This article illustrates the clinical importance of ECG as a key diagnostic tool to detect Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and channelopathies, which are frequently diagnosed late after one or more affected family members have become victims of sudden cardiac death. These channelopathies include long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. In addition, typical ECG findings are frequently present in patients with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, digitalis intoxication, hyperkalemia, acute cor pulmonale due to pulmonary embolism, as well as severe left ventricular hypertrophy as in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Herzzentrum Marburg, Zentrum für Innere Medizin – SP Kardiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033, Marburg, Deutschland

    W. Grimm

  2. Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland

    A. Grimm

  3. Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Deutschland

    K. Grimm

  4. Abteilung für Elektrophysiologie, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland

    E. Efimova

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  1. W. Grimm
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  2. A. Grimm
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  4. E. Efimova
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Correspondence to W. Grimm.

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W. Grimm, A. Grimm, K. Grimm und E. Efimova geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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J.R. Schäfer, Marburg

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Grimm, W., Grimm, A., Grimm, K. et al. Seltene Herzerkrankungen am Elektrokardiogramm erkennen. Internist 59, 618–629 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-018-0400-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-018-0400-y

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